Climbing and cycling with additional weights on the extremities

Kamon, E.; Metz, Kenneth F.; Pandolf, Kent B.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1973.35.3.367

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The relationship between metabolic power and mechanical power takes different y ‐intercepts when weights are added to the legs ( Kamon et al . 1973 ) or gravity acceleration ( a g ) is increased ( Bjurstedt et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

Oxygen cost of dynamic leg exercise on a cycle ergometer: effects of gravity acceleration

Girardis

Linnarsson

Moia

et al. 1999

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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A model of the metabolic internal power (Eint) during cycling, which includes the gravity acceleration (ag) as a variable, is presented. This model predicts that Eint is minimal in microgravity (0 g; g=9. 81 m s-2), and increases linearly with ag, whence the hypothesis that the oxygen uptake (VO2) during cycling depends on ag. Repeated VO2 measurements during steady-state exercise at 50, 75 and 100 W on the cycle ergometer, performed in space (0 g) and on Earth (1 g) on two subjects, validated the model. VO2 was determined from the time course of decreasing O2 fraction during rebreathing. The gas volume during rebreathing was determined by the dilution principle, using an insoluble inert gas (SF6). Average VO2 for subject 1 at each power was 0.99, 1.21 and 1.52 L min-1 at 1 g (n=3) and 0.91, 1.13 and 1.32 L min-1 at 0 g (n=5). For subject 2 it was 0.90, 1.12 and 1. 42 L min-1 at 1 g, and 0.76, 0.98 and 1.21 L min-1 at 0 g. These values corresponded to those predicted from the model. Although resting VO2 was lower at 0 g than at 1 g, the net (total minus resting) exercise VO2 was still smaller at 0 g than at 1 g. This difference reflects the lower Eint at 0 g.

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confidence: 99%

Oxygen cost of dynamic leg exercise on a cycle ergometer: effects of gravity acceleration

Girardis

Linnarsson

Moia

et al. 1999

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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“…With subjects ranging in mass from 41.5 to 98.9 kg, Berry et al (1993) found that body mass was positively and significantly related to a variety of work rates and pedalling speeds. Kamon, Metz, and Pandolf (1973) observed that placing weights on the ankles of cyclists increased the VO2.…”

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confidence: 98%

Body mass, not gender, predicts VO2 in cycle ergometry

Latin

Berg

Tölle

et al. 1997

Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation

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The purpose of this study was to ascertain if gender and selected physiologic and anthropometric factors could account for variations in the oxygen cost of cycle ergometry. Forty women and 25 men volunteered as subjects. Subjects performed a three stage cycle ergometry test at power outputs of 0,360, and 540 kgm·min -1 respectively while their oxygen consumption was measured. The subjects also had several anthropometric, body composition, and knee muscle force measures made. Results indicated that most of the variables were significantly related to cycling VO2 (p .05). Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat-free thigh mass (FFTM) correlated the highest and identically with VO2 (r = .80, .67, and .57) at each respective power output listed above. Using stepwise multiple regression only one variable, FFTM, was associated with the equation for each power output. Because FFM correlated identically with VO2, the resulting equations were statistically equivalent in terms of r 2 (.64, .45, and .35, respectively) and SEE (70, 110, and 130 ml, respectively). Finally, it appears that FFTM and FFM are the best predictors of cycling VO2 while gender is not a distinguishing variable.

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“…The improved mechanical efficiency in supine and after weight reduction indicates that body weight per se is the most important factor for the increased oxygen cost of muscular work in obesity, partly due to an increased cost of keeping the body stable in the upright position and partly due to the cost of moving the heavy limbs [15]. The energy cost of just moving the body is also demonstrated during treadmill exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigations have been performed either on a small number of subjects with marked overweight or on groups of patients with only slight or moderate obesity. The effect of body weight per se on the energy turnover during exercise has also been investigated by changing the body weight, either reducing it by diet or increasing it by overfeeding or by applying weights to the body [ l , [14][15][16][17]. The changes in body weight achieved by these mcthods have, however, only been slight or moderate.…”

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Exercise energy expenditure in extreme obesity: influence of ergometry type and weight loss

Freyschuss

Melcher

1978

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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Bicycle and treadmill exercise tests including oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) determination were carried out on a total of thirty patients with obesity, seventeen of whom were reinvestigated after weight loss. During both types of work VO2 for a given load was higher when compared to healthy controls. The increase of VO2 was more marked when cycling was performed in sitting position than in supine. The mechanical efficiency of sitting bicycle exercise averaged 17.8% and was negatively related to the percentage overweight; the slope of the VO2/load regression line was slightly less in comparison to the controls, while no such difference was found during treadmill walking. After weight reduction the VO2/load regression line was skifted downwards, the slopes being unchanged, thus the mechanical efficiency improved. This study not only confirms the observation of a low mechanical efficiency of obese subjects but also demonstrates that the change is quantitatively related to the overweight. The lowered efficiency was caused by body mechanical factors and there was no support for an abnormal muscular efficiency. Exercise tests should be combined with VO2 determination, if used to assess the circulatory capacity of obese subjects.

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Climbing and cycling with additional weights on the extremities

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Oxygen cost of dynamic leg exercise on a cycle ergometer: effects of gravity acceleration

Oxygen cost of dynamic leg exercise on a cycle ergometer: effects of gravity acceleration

Body mass, not gender, predicts VO2 in cycle ergometry

Exercise energy expenditure in extreme obesity: influence of ergometry type and weight loss

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