Climatology of NO_y in the troposphere and UT/LS from measurements made in MOZAIC

Abstract

, a fully automatic NO y instrument was installed on one of the five Airbus A340 aircraft used in the MOZAIC project (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapour by Airbus in-service Aircraft) for measurements of O 3 and H 2 O since 1994. This long-range aircraft was operated by Lufthansa, mainly out of Frankfurt and Munich. After an initial testing period, regular data collection started in May 2001. Until May 2005, 1533 flights have been recorded, corresponding to 8500 flight hours of NO y measurements. Concurrent data of NO y and O 3 are available from 1433 flights and concurrent data for CO, O 3 and NO y exist from 1125 flights since 2002. The paper describes the data availability in terms of geographical, vertical and seasonal distribution and discusses the quality and limitations of the data, including interference by HCN. The vast majority of vertical profiles were measured over Frankfurt, followed by Munich and North American airports. While most of the data were collected in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the North Atlantic, significant data sets exist also from flights to Far and Middle East, whereas data from the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere are relatively sparse.

Global-scale atmosphere monitoring by in-service aircraft – current achievements and future prospects of the European Research Infrastructure IAGOS

“…MOZAIC-NO y data have been gathered during 1533 flights, comprising 8500 h of data (Thomas et al, 2015). The distribution of NO y concentrations measured by the MOZAIC instrument is almost identical to that measured in CARIBIC with a spring maximum in the lower stratosphere and a summer maximum in the UT.…”

The IAGOS NO<sub>x</sub> Instrument – Design, Operation and First Results from Deployment aboard Passenger Aircraft

“…The median NO (NO 2 ) values in the mid-troposphere (5 to 9 km), where no major sources exist, vary between the detection limit and 100 ppt. 35 The largest values of nitrogen oxides are measured near the surface with values up to several ppb. It should be noted that these values represent a high polluted region with a huge amount of vehicle-, industry-and aircraftemissions.…”

“…Between 2001 and 2005, total odd nitrogen (NO y = NO and its atmospheric oxidation products such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)) was 10 measured on MOZAIC (Volz- Thomas et al, 2005;Pätz et al, 2006) and since 2005 on CARIBIC (Stratmann et al, 2016). Thomas et al (2015) and Stratmann et al (2016) presented the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of NO y at cruise altitude over the different periods. Gressent et al (2014) showed that the majority of large scale plumes of NO y are related to long-range transport and only a minor fraction to LNO x in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) over the North Atlantic region.…”

In situ temperature measurements in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere from 2 decades of IAGOS long-term routine observation

“…Therefore, most of the IAGOS temperature observations rely on the former instrument design. Following previous IAGOS or MOZAIC analyses Dyroff et al, 2015;Thomas et al, 2015;Stratmann et al, 2016), we divide the data into 14 geographical regions ( Fig. 3 and Table 1).…”