Climatology and Interannual Variation of the East Asian Winter Monsoon: Results from the 1979–95 NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis

Zhang, Yi; Sperber, Kenneth R.; Boyle, James S.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2605:caivot>2.0.co;2

Cited by 428 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…22: 715-730 (2002) months.) This result is consistent with those of Zhang et al (1997) and Compo et al (1999). Figure 11( c) shows the change in the intensity of atmospheric transient associated with the low and high HK temperature.…”

Section: Subseasonal Variationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Variations of the surface temperature in Hong Kong during the last century

Ding

Zheng

Yang

2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A statistical analysis has been applied to obtain a better understanding of the variations of the surface climate in Southeast Asia. In particular, we have depicted the detailed features of the changes in the surface air temperature of Hong Kong (HK) during the past 115 years. Analysis of the time-frequency spectra of the wavelet transform indicates that although seasonal variations account for most of the temperature variations, strong signals also exist on subseasonal, interannual, and interdecadal time scales. Though the strong seasonal cycle is marked by a minimum temperature in February (and then in January) and a maximum temperature in July (and then in August), strong variations on the subseasonal and interannual time scales occur mostly in February and then in March. It is also found that a rising tendency exists in the long-recorded temperature data, with a rate of 0.09-0.15°C per decade.Temperature variations in HK are strongly related to changes in the regional and remote atmospheric circulation on various time scales. The East Asian monsoon circulation is the main factor controlling the seasonal cycle and the subseasonal and interannual variations of the HK temperature during winter. The subseasonal and seasonal variations of the temperature are also associated with changes in the atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific, which is closely linked to the East Asian jet stream. Strong signals are also found in both this mid-latitude circulation and the El Niño-southern oscillation phenomenon when the interannual variability of the HK temperature is apparent.

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Section: Subseasonal Variationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Variations of the surface temperature in Hong Kong during the last century

Ding

Zheng

Yang

2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Consequently, the climate in southeast China and the surrounding regions in east Asia are warmer and wetter with the weak cold air activity during El Niño winter and the ensuing spring (Kang and Jeong, 1996;Wang et al, 2000). Also, the surface Siberian high and the 500 hPa trough in east Asia, which are a part of the large-scale winter monsoon flow, are weaker than normal during El Niño years (Zhang et al, 1997b). Thus the weakening of the EAWM is associated with less favourable SRW propagation during stronger El Niño events in the East Asia region, as seen through K s = 7 in Figure 6(a).…”

Section: Stationary Wavenumbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal and interannual changes of stationary Rossby waves

Freitas

Rao

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Changes in stationary Rossby waves (SRW) are connected to regional climate change and the propagation of these waves has a large influence on the evolution and development of the general circulation. Since the late 1970s and early 1980s many studies have noted a major shift in the structure of large-scale circulation occurring in both hemispheres. This paper explores the changes in the SRW pattern and their propagation associated with these climate shifts. First, multidecadal changes in SRW activity are examined, using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, for two periods:

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“…One is the notion that ENSO related tropical variability plays a significant role in the development of the East Asian winter monsoon variability (Zhang et al 1997;Lau and Nath 2000;Sakai and Kawamura 2009;Sakai et al 2010). In this explanation, the winter monsoon is intensified through the changes in local Hadley circulation (Zhang et al 1997) or through the upper tropospheric wave guide over South Asia (Sakai and Kawamura 2009), which induces the strong northwesterly seasonal wind in East Asia. The winter of 2009/2010 was a moderate El Niño, where the East Asian winter monsoon is known to become weaker due to the dampened convective activity over the tropical maritime continent, which is in contrast to the intense cold air outbreak that impacted Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence of Intraseasonal Cold Air Outbreak during the 2009/2010 Winter in Japan and its Ties to the Atmospheric Condition over the Barents-Kara Sea

Hori

Inoue

Kikuchi

et al. 2011

SOLA

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In the winter of 2009/2010, Japan and the East Asian region experienced a frequent occurrence of cold air outbreaks. Although the winter average temperature in the Japan main islands was slightly positive (+0.81°C for DJF average and +0.71°C for NDJFM average), repeated decline in temperature was notable throughout the season. One explanation for this abnormal winter season is the extremely negative condition of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) that persisted from December to mid-January. However, AO alone does not provide sufficient explanation for the cold air outbreak during November or its intraseasonal periodicity. A case study of the cold air outbreak that reached Japan on Dec. 18 reveals an anomalous ridge forming over the Barents-Kara Sea, which leads to the cold air accumulation over western Siberia. The pressure anomaly subsequently shifted westward to mature into a blocking high which created a wave-train pattern downstream, advecting the cold air eastward towards East Asia and Japan. The sequence of events was also apparent in multiple cases throughout the season. This study suggests that there is a strong and systematic linkage in the intraseasonal timescale between the atmospheric condition over the Barents-Kara Sea and the cold air accumulation over the Eurasian continent, leading to the anomalous cold air outbreak over East Asia and Japan. The mechanism may also provide explanation to extreme winter conditions such as those observed during the winter of 2010/2011.

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Climatology and Interannual Variation of the East Asian Winter Monsoon: Results from the 1979–95 NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis

Cited by 428 publications

References 10 publications

Variations of the surface temperature in Hong Kong during the last century

Variations of the surface temperature in Hong Kong during the last century

Multidecadal and interannual changes of stationary Rossby waves

Recurrence of Intraseasonal Cold Air Outbreak during the 2009/2010 Winter in Japan and its Ties to the Atmospheric Condition over the Barents-Kara Sea

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