Climatic Warming, Spring Budburst and Forest Damage on Trees

Cannell, M. G. R.; Smith, R. I.

doi:10.2307/2403090

Cited by 359 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Inadequate chilling can impair development of next year's fruit buds, cause bloom buttoning, which can serve as an overwintering site for insects and disease, and reduce fruit quality related to color, texture, and flavor (Byrne and Bacon no date). It can also change the timing of flowering and reduce yields due to fruit set efficiency and timing of pollination (Cannell and Smith 1986).…”

Section: Fruit Crop Vulnerabilities and Expected Changes In The Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

et al. 2017

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Specialty fruit crops represent a substantial portion of the value of agricultural production in the Pacific Northwest. Climate change may threaten water sources, lengthen the dry season, raise temperatures during both the winter chilling period and the growing season, and facilitate the spread of fungal diseases and insects. Such changes have the potential to substantially reduce net returns due to increased input costs and altered yields and product quality. Many management strategies that are already being used to prolong growing seasons in marginal production areas and to improve production and quality in established production regions may also be useful as adaptation strategies under a changing climate. These strategies mostly involve moderating temperatures and controlling or compensating for mismatches between phenology and seasonal weather conditions.

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Section: Fruit Crop Vulnerabilities and Expected Changes In The Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

et al. 2017

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“…Changes in tree 52 phenology have been observed in European countries where earlier onsets of leafing dates 53 were associated with global warming (Chmielewski and Rötzer, 2001). In fruit tree orchards, 54 changes in the timing of flowering phenology could have important impacts on production, 55 because of the indirect influences of phenology on spring frost damage, pollination and fruit 56 set efficiency (Cannell and Smith, 1986;Zavalloni et al, 2006). 57…”

Section: Introduction 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the time-course variation of apple and pear tree dates of flowering stages in the global warming context

Guédon

Legave

2008

Ecological Modelling

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“…However, predictions of plant responses to global climate and atmospheric change are complicated by weather variability (Katz & Brown 1992) and the extent to which elevated [CO 2 ] might affect plant responses to temperature (Long 1991), particularly low temperatures. Some studies have predicted that frost damage may increase for trees that break dormancy too early in spring (Cannell & Smith 1986;Repo, Hänninen & Kellomäki 1996). Other studies have found enhanced performance of chilling sensitive plants exposed to low temperatures under elevated [CO 2 ] (Sionit et al 1981;Potvin 1985;Boese, Wolfe & Melkonian 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated atmospheric [CO₂] promotes frost damage in evergreen tree seedlings

Lutze

Roden

Holly

et al. 1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Growth under elevated [CO 2 ] promoted spring frost damage in field grown seedlings of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng.), one of the most frost tolerant of eucalypts. Freezing began in the leaf midvein, consistent with it being a major site of frost damage under field conditions. The average ice nucleation temperature was higher in leaves grown under elevated [CO 2 ] (-5·7°C versus -4·3°C), consistent with the greater incidence of frost damage in these leaves (34% versus 68% of leaves damaged). These results have major implications for agriculture, forestry and vegetation dynamics, as an increase in frost susceptibility may reduce potential gains in productivity from CO 2 fertilization and may affect predictions of vegetation change based on increasing temperature. [CO 2 ]; freeze-induced damage; global climate change; ice nucleation; open-top chambers. Key-words: Eucalyptus pauciflora; elevated atmospheric INTRODUCTIONAtmospheric CO 2 concentrations have been increasing since the industrial revolution, and are predicted to reach twice present levels late next century (Boden et al. 1994). It is thought that temperature will increase as [CO 2 ] rises, and that warming may be greater in winter than in summer (Plummer, Lin & Torok 1996). This could lengthen the growing season if evergreen species were able to take advantage of warm conditions earlier in spring when below-ground resources are relatively abundant. However, predictions of plant responses to global climate and atmospheric change are complicated by weather variability (Katz & Brown 1992) and the extent to which elevated [CO 2 ] might affect plant responses to temperature (Long 1991), particularly low temperatures. Some studies have predicted that frost damage may increase for trees that break dormancy too early in spring (Cannell & Smith 1986;Repo, Hänninen & Kellomäki 1996) Here we report the results of a serendipitous experiment. The experiment naturally occurred during a larger fieldbased study aimed at understanding the effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on the interactions between grass and trees during spring. The results were unexpected and showed that one of the most frost-hardy of broadleaved, evergreen species suffered greater frost damage when grown under elevated than ambient [CO 2 ]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material and growth conditionsSeeds of Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. were collected from three trees growing along the floor of the Orroral Valley at an elevation of 850 m in New South Wales, Australia. The seeds were cold stratified under moist conditions at 3°C for 4 weeks before germinating on sand flats in a mist house. Seedlings of similar size were transferred to individual containers (5 cm diameter, 25 cm deep) and grown out of doors for 6 months before the start of the experiment.In a pasture near Bungendore in southeastern Australia (35°15' S, 149°27' E; elevation 700 m), 10 open-top chambers were installed as five replicate pairs, flushed with air containing either ambient or elevated CO 2 conce...

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Climatic Warming, Spring Budburst and Forest Damage on Trees

Cited by 359 publications

References 9 publications

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

Analyzing the time-course variation of apple and pear tree dates of flowering stages in the global warming context

Elevated atmospheric [CO₂] promotes frost damage in evergreen tree seedlings

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Climatic Warming, Spring Budburst and Forest Damage on Trees

Cited by 359 publications

References 9 publications

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate

Analyzing the time-course variation of apple and pear tree dates of flowering stages in the global warming context

Elevated atmospheric [CO2] promotes frost damage in evergreen tree seedlings

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Elevated atmospheric [CO₂] promotes frost damage in evergreen tree seedlings