Climatic versus tectonic controls of fan sequences: lessons from the Dead Sea, Israel

Frostick, Lynne E.; Reid, Ian

doi:10.1144/gsjgs.146.3.0527

Cited by 108 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although tectonics and climate are the primary factors in controlling alluvial fan evolution (Bull 1977;Frostick & Reid 1989;Silva et al 1992;Ritter et al 1995;Viseras et al 2003;Harvey 2004;Robustelli et al 2009), it is often more difficult to determine their relative roles. Harvey et al (2005) suggest that fan evolution is controlled by both climatic change and tectonic processes over different timescales of 10 2 -10 4 years and in excess of 10 4 years, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls

Giano¹

2011

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The Agri River high valley is a Quaternary intermontane basin located in southern Italy. The tectonic evolution of this basin was controlled by Lower Pleistocene strike-slip master faults, subsequently reactivated as normal faults until the Middle Pleistocene. The Quaternary sediments of the basin infill are mainly constituted of continental clastics, represented by coarse-grained alluvial deposits divided by unconformities. The arrangement of clastic deposits suggests that the Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial fan system developed along the eastern margin of the valley. Five generations of slope and alluvial fan systems have been recognized in the Agri basin. The oldest fans have formed on both slope and alluvial deposits. The younger alluvial fans are located along the entire valley floor and arose upon the earlier fan apexes originating in these valleys. The youngest fans are arranged in two different generations and show proximal facies distributed along the foot slopes. Plan view morphology, fan slope profiles, and sedimentary features of the fan system have been used here to determine the magnitude of the tectonic deformation episode affecting the faulted mountainous front of the Agri basin eastern margin. Both fast and slow tectonic episodes occurred during the different regional Quaternary tectonic stages that affected the southern Apennine chain. These tectonic episodes have therefore been analysed in relation to climatic conditions in order to determine their contributions to the evolution of the Pleistocene to Holocene fan systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls

Giano¹

2011

Geologica Carpathica

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“…Short-term climatic change, especially the amount and distribution of rainfall, influences erosion and sediment supply, as inferred for the development of alluvial fans in the Dead Sea area (Frostick and Reid, 1989;Bowman, 1990) and in Oman (Maizels, 1987). The presence of late Pliocene-early Pleistocene lacustrine deposits and travertine in the Kyrenia Range suggests that the climate was then dominantly more humid than at present (Ducloz, 1972;Dreghorn, 1978).…”

Section: Controls Of Pleistocene Clastic Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene fanglomerate deposition related to uplift of the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus

Poole¹,

Robertson²

1998

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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The Pleistocene Fanglomerate Group of the southern part of Cyprus exemplifies coarse alluvial clastic deposition within a zone of focused tectonic uplift, related to collision of African and Eurasian plates, as documented by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160. During the Pleistocene, the Troodos ophiolite was progressively unroofed, resulting in a near-radial pattern of coarse clastic sedimentation. The Pleistocene Fanglomerate Group depositionally overlies Pliocene marine sediments. Along the southern margin of the Troodos Massif the contact is erosional, whereas along its northern margin a regressive fan-delta (Kakkaristra Fm.) intervenes.The Pleistocene Fanglomerate Group is subdivided into four units (termed F1−F4), each of which were formed at progressively lower topographic levels. A wide variety of alluvial units are recognized within these, representing mainly high-energy coarse alluvial fans, channel fans, braidstream, and floodplain environments. A near-radial sediment dispersal pattern away from Mt. Olympos is indicated by paleocurrent studies, based on clast imbrication.Provenance studies indicate relatively early unroofing of the ophiolite, but with only minor localized erosion of ultramafic rocks from the Mt. Olympos area. Clasts of erosionally resistant lithologies, notably ophiolitic diabase and Miocene reefrelated limestone, are volumetrically over-represented, relative to friable basalt and early Tertiary pelagic carbonate sediments.The younger Fanglomerate Group units (F3 and F4) can be correlated with littoral marine terraces previously dated radiometrically at about 185−219 ka and 116−134 ka, respectively. However, the earlier (F1 and F2) Fanglomerate Group units can, at present, be dated only as early to middle Pleistocene.The principle variables that affected deposition of the Pleistocene Fanglomerate Group as a whole are tectonic uplift isostatic effects, glacio-eustatic sea-level change, short-and long-term climatic change, and lithology. However, the dominant control was tectonic uplift that apparently peaked during early and middle Pleistocene time. Aggradation of fluvial sediments (F1 and F2) took place at times of relative sea-level high with associated terrace formation. This was followed by downcutting during periods of relative sea-level fall when surface uplift continued.The dominant control on the younger (F3 and F4) units was glacio-eustatic sea-level change, during a time when littoral marine sediments accumulated, and rates of surface uplift may have decreased. Finally, the Holocene alluvial deposition was also affected by anthropogenic effects, notably deforestation.

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“…En este sentido, secuencias alternantes de depósitos gruesos y finos, sin evidencias de influencia eustática ni de desarrollo de secuencias granocrecientes o granodecrecientes, han sido adjudicadas a una depositación controlada bajo la acción de efectos climáticos (Frostick & Reid, 1989;De Boer et al, 1991;Miall, 1996). El clima incide directamente en régimen de producción, descarga y aporte de sedimento dentro de un sistema fluvial; generando cambios en la granulometría, geometría e interconectividad de los paleocanales (Blum & Price, 1994Miall, 1996;Bridge, 2006).…”

Section: Como Interfaces Ocultas O Enmascaradas (Cryptic Interfaces)unclassified

Stratigraphy of the Neuquén Group, Upper Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin (Argentina): new proposal for lithostratigraphic ordaining

Garrido¹

2010

MACN

147

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Stratigraphy of the Neuquén Group, Upper Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin (Argentina): new proposal for lithostratigraphic ordaining. The Neuquén Group conform a succession of non-marine deposits of fluvial, aeolian and shallow lacustrine origin, developed in the Neuquén Basin between the Lower Cenomanian and the Middle Campanian (Upper Cretaceous). This succession reaches 1,200 m of maximum thick, being bounded at the base and the top by the Patagonidican and Huantraiquican unconformities respectively. In this paper two new formations are proposed (Los Bastos and Sierra Barrosa Formations, nom. nov.), and the subgroups were reconfigurated. Consequently, the Neuquén Group is composed lithostratigraphically by three subgroups and nine formations. The Río Limay Subgroup comprehend the Candeleros and Huincul Formations, representing low sinuosity channel deposits developed under tectonic and climatic subordinated control. The Río Neuquén Subgroup comprehend to the Cerro Lisandro, Portezuelo, Los Bastos, Sierra Barrosa and Plottier Formations, conforming a psamitic and pelitic interstratified succession of fluvial origin, mainly developed under climatic control. Finally, the Río Colorado Subgroup integrated by the Bajo de la Carpa and Anacleto Formations, comprehend fluvial deposits developed under a new dominant tectonic control. At the start of the deposition of the Neuquén Group, the Dorsal de Huincul worked as a structural high, generating toward the south of the Neuquén Basin one a small endorreic depocentre corresponding to the Picún Leufú Sub-basin, scheme that would have been keep up to ends of the deposit of the Candeleros Formation. During the rest of the deposit of this sequence, the drainage would have been kept without major modifications towards the pacific slope across a central collector flowing in sense N-NW. Towards the end of the deposit of the Neuquén Group takes place the inversion of the regional slope of the basin, making possible the ingression of the Atlantic Ocean and the beginning of the deposition of the Malargüe Group.Key words: Neuquén Group, new lithostratigraphic units, Upper Cretaceous, Neuquén Basin, Argentina.Resumen: El Grupo Neuquén conforma una sucesión de depósitos continentales de origen fluvial, eólico y lacustre somero, desarrollado en la Cuenca Neuquina entre el Cenomaniano Inferior y el Campaniano Medio (Cretácico Superior). Esta sucesión alcanza un espesor máximo de 1.200 m, encontrándose limitada en base y techo por las discordancias Patagonídica y Huantráiquica respectivamente. En este trabajo se proponen dos nuevas formaciones (Formación Los Bastos nom. nov. y Formación Sierra Barrosa, nom. nov.) y los subgrupos fueron reconfigurados. Consecuentemente, el Grupo Neuquén queda compuesto litoestratigráficamente por tres subgrupos y nueve formaciones. El Subgrupo Río Limay comprende a las Fms. Candeleros y Huincul, representando a depósitos de canales de baja sinuosidad desarrolladas bajo un control tectónico y climático subordinado. El Subgrupo Río Neuquén compre...

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Climatic versus tectonic controls of fan sequences: lessons from the Dead Sea, Israel

Cited by 108 publications

References 36 publications

Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls

Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls

Pleistocene fanglomerate deposition related to uplift of the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus

Stratigraphy of the Neuquén Group, Upper Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin (Argentina): new proposal for lithostratigraphic ordaining

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