Climatic factors determine the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a major cash crop in Yunnan, China, and the yield, chemical components, and their proportions decide the quality of tobacco leaves. To understand the effects of environmental factors (soil and climatic factors) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and determine the main regulating factors, we selected three flue-cured tobacco cultivars [K326, Yunyan87 (Yun87), and Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda)] grown in the Honghe Tobacco Zone. Indices related to yield and economic traits, chemical component properties, soil physical and chemical properties, and climatic factors at different planting sites, were evaluated. We used variance analysis, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) in this study. The results showed that the yield and chemical component properties of flue-cured tobacco, except for the number of left leaves and plant total sugar (PTS) content, were significantly correlated with climatic factors. Particularly, the yield increased in drier and sunnier weather. In terms of the carbon supply capacity, PTS, petroleum ether (PPE), and starch contents (PS) were higher under high-altitude and high-latitude climatic conditions, whereas for the nitrogen supply capacity, plant nitrogen (PTN) and nicotine (PN) contents improved under low-altitude and low-latitude climatic conditions. PTS, reducing sugar (PRS), potassium (PTK), chlorine (PCL), and PPE contents were negatively related to soil clay content, soil pH, and soil organic matter, whereas PRS and PTK contents were positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN). According to RDA, the soil clay, AN, available phosphorus (AP), and soil chlorine content (SCL) strongly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The quality of the K326 and Yun87 cultivars was mostly influenced by moisture, whereas the quality of the Hongda cultivar was mostly affected by temperature. In conclusion, compared with soil properties, climatic factors more significantly affect the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Effects of ecological environment and host genotype on the phyllosphere bacterial communities of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

“…The effect of soil nutrient status on the bacterial population on the leaves might be indirect and mediated by plants. Soil nutrients have substantial effects on plant morphology, biomass, and physiology, which further exert significant influences on the bacterial communities in the plant phyllosphere (Martirosyan et al., 2016 ; Tang et al., 2020 ). For instance, plant morphology during the vegetative phase can provide more and larger leaves for microbial colonization (Darlison et al., 2019 ).…”

“…Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important agricultural nonfood crop and the main raw material of tobacco commodities worldwide (Chen et al., 2020 ; Lisuma et al., 2020 ). It is widely cultivated in South China, such as Hainan and Sichuan (Tang et al., 2020 ; Yuan et al., 2016 ; Zhao et al., 2007 ). In several years, studies on phyllosphere bacteria of tobacco plants have been recorded.…”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial composition and diversity in the plant phyllosphere varied with the environmental conditions and plant genotypes (Kim et al., 2012 ). In addition, phyllosphere bacteria are significantly affected by environmental conditions (Tang et al., 2020 ). To our current knowledge, most of the studies focused on chemical and biological effects on the bacterial communities in phyllosphere and/or rhizosphere (Perazzolli et al., 2020 ; Thapa et al., 2017 ; Vorholt, 2012 ), while little is known how environmental conditions and host genotypes modulate the bacterial community of tobacco leaves.…”

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Potential Distribution Prediction of Sophora moorcroftiana Endemic to Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China

“…However, the Nm among S. moorcroftiana populations was greater than 1.000 and less than 1.000, with an average of 0.917, which indicated the high and low frequency gene flow among S. moorcroftiana populations. Moreover, the genetic differentiation among individuals was greater due to geographical environment and other factors [6].…”

“…The climate would inevitably change the genetic material and then cause changes to genetic diversity [5]. Furthermore, it might lead to population shrinkage and interrupt the exchange of genetic material between populations, thereby resulting in constant inbreeding within the species and genetic diversity loss [5,6]. By contrast, it could also increase genetic diversity and thus lead to population growth and expansion [7].…”