Climatic Drivers of Diarrheagenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Philipsborn, Rebecca; Ahmed, Sharia M.; Brosi, Berry J.; Lévy, Karen

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw081

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Several bacterial pathogens were more prevalent during hot and rainy weather, which could favor the growth of bacteria in the environment or the contamination of water sources [29]. We found ST-ETEC was generally associated with warmer weather (in Mozambique, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh), consistent with the previously observed association between ETEC and higher temperatures and not rainfall [30, 31]. A significant association between Cryptosporidium and rainy weather was identified in The Gambia, Mali, and Mozambique.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The seasonality of diarrheal pathogens: A retrospective study of seven sites over three years

Chao

Roose

Roh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of death among young children in the developing world. It is difficult to determine which of a wide variety of pathogens are most responsible for disease, since this differs by location and time of year. Here, we study the seasonal prevalence of several pathogens among children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea across study sites in Africa and South Asia. We found that several pathogens, including rotavirus, had regular annual peaks. Some pathogens were associated with weather conditions, such as heat or rain, or with general seasons of the year, such as summer or winter. We believe that describing the seasonal epidemiology of these pathogens could enable better diagnoses of symptomatic children based on the time of the year. Additionally, weather is a major driver of diarrheal pathogen transmission, and identifying the conditions associated with each pathogen could help us infer pathogen transmission pathways, predict large outbreaks, and develop intervention strategies. January 31, 2019 2/21 Pediatric diarrheal disease is caused by a wide variety of pathogens [1-3]. Various 2 studies have found that some pathogens are seasonal, peaking at different times of the 3 year [4-6]. Frequently, the seasonal periodicity of diarrheal disease is attributed to 4 weather, which could drive incidence by diverse mechanisms. For example, weather 5 conditions can favor the survival and replication of pathogens on fomites [7], the 6 transmission between human hosts through flooding and contamination of drinking 7 water [8], and the prevalence of vectors that transmit disease between hosts [9, 10]. 8 Weather has broadly been shown to be mathematically correlated with diarrhea 9 incidence [11, 12], with some computational studies claiming a causal link [13] despite 10 potential limitations to their methodology [14-16]. 11 However, most studies of disease seasonality have been conducted in temperate 12 climates, and substantially less is known about the seasonality of diseases in tropical 13 countries [17, 18], where diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and 14 mortality among children [19]. The wide variety of climates and populations in the 15 tropics make it challenging to uncover general patterns in the epidemiology of diarrheal 16 disease. Compounding these challenges, most studies are limited to sites within a single 17 country focused on a specific disease. Characterizing the seasonal epidemiology of these 18 pathogens could enable clinicians to better diagnose children based on the time of the 19 year. Additionally, identifying the weather conditions associated with each pathogen 20 could help us infer pathogen transmission pathways, predict large outbreaks, and 21 develop intervention strategies. 22 hydration; dysentery identified by blood in stool; or admission to the hospital for 49 diarrhea or dysentery [2]. To limit the number of enrollments and ensure balanced 50 enrollment by age, 8-9 children in each age strata (0-11 months, 12-23 months, 24-59 51 m...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The seasonality of diarrheal pathogens: A retrospective study of seven sites over three years

Chao

Roose

Roh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…WHO (42) estimates that climate change will cause an additional 48,000 diarrheal deaths in 2030. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Philipsborn et al (43) found that an increase of 1 • C in mean monthly temperature was associated with an 8% increase in incidence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli ).…”

Section: Climate Change and Wash-related Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water and Sanitation: Likely Impacts and Emerging Trends for Action

Howard¹,

Calow

MacDonald

et al. 2016

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

171

120

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Climate change represents the most significant challenge of the twenty-first century and poses risks to water and sanitation services. Concerns for water supply include damage to infrastructure from flooding, loss of water sources due to declining rainfall and increasing demand, and changes in the water quality of water sources and within distribution of water. Sanitation concerns include damage and loss of services from floods and reduced carrying capacity of waters receiving wastewater. Key actions to reduce climate risks include the integration of measures of climate resilience into water safety plans, as well as improved accounting and management of water resources. Policy prescriptions on technologies for service delivery and changes in management models offer potential to reduce risks, particularly in low-income settings. Water and sanitation services contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Choice of wastewater treatment technologies, improved pumping efficiency, use of renewable sources of energy, and within-system generation of energy offer potential for reducing emissions. Overall, greater attention and research are required to understand, plan for, and adapt to climate change in water and sanitation services. As with many other climate change adaptations, the likely benefits from no-regrets solutions are likely to outweigh the costs of investment.

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“…There are several interventional factors that may influence the pathogen transmission such as sanitation infrastructure, drinking water distribution systems, food handling practices, nutritional habits of societies, etc. (Auld et al, 2004;Newman et al, 2015;Philipsborn et al, 2016;Tarique et al, 2007;Van de Venter, 2000). The earth weather variations may influence the human activities such as seasonal business, immigration, winter-summer habitude, and corporeal exercises that play important roles in human capacities and responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Yazd Province of Iran during 2012-2016

Aminharati

Ehrampoush

Dallal

et al. 2018

J. Food Qual. Hazards Control

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HIGHLIGHTS Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) outbreaks in Ashkezar, Mehriz, and Taft were more prevalent than the other cities of Yazd province.  There was a positive relationship between suspended dust condition and the incidence rate of ETEC outbreaks.  Some associations were found between incidence rate of ETEC outbreaks and demographic features. ABSTRACT Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important agents of travelers' diarrheal diseases in the developing countries. The main purpose of this study was to determine the association of ETEC outbreaks with climatic and demographic variables in Yazd province of Iran. Methods: This study was done on 729 food-borne disease rectal swab samples, which gathered during 48 ETEC outbreaks in Yazd province from 2012 to 2016. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests, serotyping, and heat labile enterotoxin assays in Vero cell line culture. The climatic data was gathered from Iran's Meteorological Organization and Yazd synoptic stations. Data were analyzed by Stata statistical software.Results: The rates of ETEC outbreaks in Ashkezar, Mehriz, and Taft were significantly (p<0.05) more than the other cities of Yazd province. A positive relationship was found between suspended dust condition and the IR of ETEC outbreaks. The IR of ETEC outbreak in autumn was more than the other seasons. Conclusion: The present work showed the association of ETEC outbreaks with some factors such as demographic features, location status, and climate variations.

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Climatic Drivers of DiarrheagenicEscherichia coliIncidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract: These results suggest that increases in ambient temperature correspond to an elevated incidence of diarrheagenic E. coli and underscore the need to redouble efforts to prevent the transmission of these pathogens in the face of increasing global temperatures.

Cited by 71 publications

References 42 publications

The seasonality of diarrheal pathogens: A retrospective study of seven sites over three years

The seasonality of diarrheal pathogens: A retrospective study of seven sites over three years

Climate Change and Water and Sanitation: Likely Impacts and Emerging Trends for Action

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Yazd Province of Iran during 2012-2016

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