Climatic characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation over the Tropical and Subtropical areas as derived from TRMM PR

Liu, Peng; Li, Chongyin; Wang, Yu; Fu, Yunfei

doi:10.1007/s11430-012-4474-4

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For the total categorized rainfall (Table ), the contribution to precipitation amount in the summer monsoon seasons of 2014 and 2015 in the study area is dominated by convective rain (77.5%), while stratiform rain occurs most frequently (61.9%). These results are consistent with those of previous studies using 3 years of ground‐based disdrometer data [ Chen et al ., ] or 10 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar measurements [ Liu et al ., ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions observed in East China during the Asian summer monsoon season using 2‐D video disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar data

et al. 2016

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The characteristics of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and vertical structures of rainfall during the Asian summer monsoon season in East China are studied using measurements from a ground‐based two‐dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) and a vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar (MRR). Based on rainfall intensity and vertical structure of radar reflectivity, the observed rainfall is classified into convective, stratiform, and shallow precipitation types. Among them, shallow precipitation has previously been ignored or treated as outliers due to limitations in traditional surface measurements. Using advanced instruments of 2DVD and MRR, the characteristics of shallow precipitation are quantified. Furthermore, summer rainfall in the study region is found to consist mainly of stratiform rain in terms of frequency of occurrence but is dominated by convective rain in terms of accumulated rainfall amount. Further separation of the summer season into time periods before, during, and after the Meiyu season reveals that intrasummer variation of DSDs is mainly due to changes in percentage occurrence of the three precipitation types, while the characteristics of each type remain largely unchanged throughout the summer. Overall, higher raindrop concentrations and smaller diameters are found compared to monsoon precipitation at other locations in Asia. Higher local aerosol concentration is speculated to be the cause. Finally, rainfall estimation relationships using polarimetric radar measurements are derived and discussed. These new relationships agree well with rain gauge measurements and are more accurate than traditional relations, especially at high and low rain rates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions observed in East China during the Asian summer monsoon season using 2‐D video disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar data

et al. 2016

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“…There have been numerous reports of spatiotemporal variation in the precipitation vertical profile over Asia or larger areas [15][16][17][18][19]. For a smaller climatic region, there have also been some studies completed in Africa [20], India [21], and the Huaihe River Basin in China [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Vertical Profile of Precipitation over Indonesian Maritime Continent

Marzuki¹,

Hashiguchi²,

Vonnisa³

et al. 2018

Engineering and Mathematical Topics in Rainfall

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This chapter presents variabilities in the vertical structure of precipitation over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), which were inferred from the gradients of the radar reflectivity (dBZ) below the freezing level and were gathered from the latest 2A25 TRMM-Precipitation Radar product over a 17-year time span (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). In general, the downward increasing (DI) pattern of dBZ toward the surface is more dominant than the downward decreasing (DD) pattern, which has a ratio of 1.3. The DI is frequently observed over the ocean, and the higher prevailing rain top heights over land are associated with DD, in most cases. Shallow convective rains have the largest ratio of DI to DD (>4), followed by deep convective rains. The largest ratio is observed during DecemberJanuary-February (DJF) when wetter conditions are dominant over the IMC, which is a favorable condition for raindrop growth. The stratiform rains show a dominant DD in which the ratio of DD to DI is greater than 1.6 for each season. The spatial distribution of the stratiform gradient is more complex than that of convective rain and does not show a robust land-ocean contrast. The diurnal variation in the reflectivity gradient for stratiform rain is less pronounced. With convective rain, DD is more dominant in the afternoon and evening over a large island, indicates a decrease in the raindrop concentration due to the evaporation and updraft associated with the intense convection.

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“…Obviously, the SH is related to the wavelength and sensitivity of PR (Chen et al, ; Fu et al, ), as well as the particle size at the top of the rainfall systems. Since vertical air motions influence the formation, growth, and vertical distribution of hydrometeors (Houze, ), SH is mainly controlled by the intensity of updraft (Jensen & Del Genio, ; Nasuno & Satoh, , ) and varies with different rain types (C. Liu et al, ; Short & Nakamura, ). The hydrometeors increase in mass most efficiently through collision and aggregation while falling from the top (G. Liu & Fu, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impacts of Sahara Dust Aerosol on Rainfall Vertical Structure Over the Atlantic Ocean as Identified From EOF Analysis

Dong

Wang

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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The current study investigates the potential impacts of Sahara dust on rainfall vertical structure over the Atlantic Ocean by employing multisensor satellite observations. The variabilities in rainfall vertical structure are decomposed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. For a given near surface rain rate, the mean storm height of stratiform rain under dust‐laden condition is significantly higher than that under the dust‐free condition. The stratiform rain rate at the layers well above the freezing level is substantially enhanced under dust‐laden condition. Those changes may result from dynamic and thermodynamic effect of Sahara Air Layer effect and/or the effect that dust aerosol acting as additional ice nuclei. For convective rain, there is no significant difference in the leading three normalized EOF modes between the dust‐laden and dust‐free sectors, implying that dust effect, if exists, is not strong enough to cause evident changes in convective rainfall profiles. For stratiform rain, the EOF1 shows no signals of dust effect either. However, significant difference is found in the EOF2 and EOF3 modes between dust‐laden and dust‐free conditions. The normalized EOF2 and EOF3 under dust‐laden condition both represent enhanced rain rate at the upper layer well above the freezing level, where heterogeneous ice nucleation prevails. The statistical study shows consistent results with the case study, except that the aerosol‐related changes in stratiform rainfall vertical structure is isolated in the EOF3 only. This study suggests that EOF analysis is a promising way for isolating the potential and relatively weak aerosol effects on precipitation from the strong dynamic effects.

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Climatic characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation over the Tropical and Subtropical areas as derived from TRMM PR

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions observed in East China during the Asian summer monsoon season using 2‐D video disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar data

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions observed in East China during the Asian summer monsoon season using 2‐D video disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar data

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Vertical Profile of Precipitation over Indonesian Maritime Continent

Potential Impacts of Sahara Dust Aerosol on Rainfall Vertical Structure Over the Atlantic Ocean as Identified From EOF Analysis

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