Climatic and environmental characteristics of Moscow megalopolis according to the data of the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory over 60 years

Чубарова, Н. Э.; Nezval, E. I.; Беликов, И. Б.; Gorbarenko, E. V.; Еремина, И. Д.; Zhdanova, E. A.; Korneva, Irina; Konstantinov, Pavel; Lokoshchenko, M. А.; Skorokhod, A. I.; Shilovtseva, O. A.

doi:10.3103/s1068373914090052

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Table 1 presents the statistics on the main gaseous and aerosol parameters in the atmosphere of Moscow during the experiment. One can see that AOD at 500 nm (AOD500) was 0.07-0.09 lower than typical AOD for Moscow for these months, while the PM10 concentrations (0.025 mgm -3 ) were similar to climatological values (0.022 mgm -3 ) during spring (Chubarova et al 2014). On average, in Moscow, PM10 was found to be around 0.035 mgm -3 that is comparable with their level at European megacities (around 0.020-0.030 mg/m³) and lower than in Asian megacities (0.05-0.1 mg/m³) (Climate of Moscow.., 2017; Cheng et al 2016; The Mosecomonitoring Report 2017).…”

Section: The Description Of Weather and Optical Conditions During Thementioning

confidence: 74%

“…During this period monthly mean air temperature was about 8.4 0 C in April and 16.7 0 C -in May, relative humidity comprised 54% and 51%, and precipitation -34 and 45 mm, respectively. Their comparisons showed higher air temperature (+2-3 0 C), and lower level of relative humidity (10%) and precipitation (7-10 mm) than climatological values over the 1954-2013 period (Chubarova et al 2014). Table 1 presents the statistics on the main gaseous and aerosol parameters in the atmosphere of Moscow during the experiment.…”

Section: The Description Of Weather and Optical Conditions During Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…AeroRadCity-2018 experiment observational campaign included a large complex of measurements of different surface and columnar aerosol properties, aerosol gas precursors, as well as radiative and meteorological parameters at the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University (MO MSU), (55.707°N, 37.522°E, http://momsu.ru/english.html), which is located at the territory of the MSU Botanical Garden in the area of Vorobyovy Gory (Vorobyovy hills) far from local emission sources. MO MSU is qualified as an urban background site (Chubarova et al 2014). The complex of aerosol measurements consisted of columnar aerosol characteristics from sun/sky CIMEL photometer installed at the MO MSU roof as a part of the AERONET program (Holben et al 1998;Chubarova et al 2011a).…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol and Its Radiative Effects during the Aeroradcity 2018 Moscow Experiment

Чубарова

Androsova

Kirsanov

et al. 2019

GES

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During the AeroRadCity-2018 spring aerosol experiment at the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory the aerosol properties of the atmosphere and radiative aerosol effects were analyzed using a wide complex of measurements and model COSMO-ART simulations over Moscow domain. The program of measurements consisted of columnar aerosol AERONET retrievals, surface PM10, black carbon (BC) and aerosol gas precursors mass concentrations, as well as radiative measurements under various meteorological conditions. We obtained a positive statistically significant dependence of total and fine aerosol optical depth (AOD) mode (R2 ~0.4) with PM concentrations. This dependence has revealed a pronounced bifurcation point around PM10=0.04 mgm-3. The modelled BC concentration is in agreement with the observations and has a pronounced correlation with PM, but not with the AODs. The analysis of radiative effects of aerosol has revealed up to 30% loss for UV irradiance and 15% - for shortwave irradiance at high AOD in Moscow. Much intensive radiation attenuation is observed in the afternoon when remote pollution sources may affect solar fluxes at elevated boundary layer conditions. Negative (cooling) radiative forcing effect at the top of the atmosphere from -18 Wm-2 to -4 Wm-2 has been evaluated. Mean difference in visible AOD between urban and background conditions in Moscow and Zvenigorod was about 0.01 according to measurements and model simulations, while in some days the difference may increase up to 0.05. The generation of urban aerosol was shown to be more favorable in conditions with low intensity of pollutant dispersion, when mean deltaAOD550 was doubled from 0.01 to 0.02.

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Section: The Description Of Weather and Optical Conditions During Thementioning

confidence: 74%

Section: The Description Of Weather and Optical Conditions During Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol and Its Radiative Effects during the Aeroradcity 2018 Moscow Experiment

Чубарова

Androsova

Kirsanov

et al. 2019

GES

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“…At the same time, relatively low precipitation prevents wet deposition of aerosol particles and contributes to their accumulation. In April, for example, the precipitation is only 41 mm, which is about 30 % smaller than the annual monthly mean value (Chubarova et al, 2014). The local June minimum is observed due to the increase in precipitation, dominating the northern air advection from Scandinavian regions.…”

Section: Seasonal Changes In Aerosol Optical Thickness In Moscow Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term variability of aerosol optical thickness in Eastern Europe over 2001–2014 according to the measurements at the Moscow MSU MO AERONET site with additional cloud and NO<sub>2</sub> correction

2016

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Abstract. The atmospheric aerosol properties were obtained within the framework of the AERONET program at the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory (Moscow MSU MO) over the 2001-2014 period. The quality data control has revealed the necessity of additional cloud screening and NO 2 correction. The application of additional cloud screening according to hourly visual cloud observations provides a decrease in monthly average aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 500 nm of up to 0.03 compared with the standard data set. We also show that the additional NO 2 correction of the AERONET version 2 data is needed in large megalopolis, like Moscow, with 12 million residents and NO x emission rates of about 100 kt yr −1 . According to the developed method, we estimated monthly mean NO 2 content, which provides an additional decrease of 0.01 for AOT at 340 nm, and of about 0.015 -for AOT at 380 and 440 nm. The ratios of NO 2 optical thickness to AOT at 380 and 440 nm are about 5-6 % in summer and reach 15-20 % in winter when both factors have similar effects on UV irradiance. Seasonal cycle of AOT at 500 nm is characterized by a noticeable summer and spring maxima, and a minimum in winter conditions, changing from 0.08 in December and January up to 0.3 in August. The application of the additional cloud screening removes a local AOT maximum in February. Statistically significant negative trends in annual AOT for UV and mid-visible spectral range have been obtained both for average and 50 % quantile values. The pronounced negative changes were observed in most months with the rate of about −1-5 % yr −1 and could be attributed to the negative trends in emissions (E) of different aerosol precursors of about 135 Gg yr −2 in E SO x , 54 Gg yr −2 in E NMVOC , and slight negative changes in NO x over the European part of Russia. No significant influence of natural factors on temporal AOT variations has been revealed.

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“…Its location is considered as geometric city center for analysis of modeling results in the following sections (from Section 3.2). Another urban station used for verification is meteorological observatory of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), located in the park zone 8 km to the southwest from the city center [73].For rural conditions, we use the data from nine stations surrounding the city (Figure 1b). Even though all of them are marked near the smaller towns, all of them are actually located far away from the built environment and could be considered as representative for rural environment.…”

Section: Observations Used For Model Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megacity-Induced Mesoclimatic Effects in the Lower Atmosphere: A Modeling Study for Multiple Summers over Moscow, Russia

et al. 2018

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Urbanization leads to distinct meteorological features of urban environments, and one the best-known is the urban heat island (UHI) effect. For megacities, these features become mesoscale phenomena (scale ≥ 10 km) that are amplified by the tropospheric feedbacks, and have substantial implications on human well-being. For the first time, a three-dimensional statistical description of the megacity-induced meteorological effects extending towards the lower troposphere for summer is acquired on a quasi-climatological timescale (a decade) based on high-resolution (1 km) simulations for Moscow with the COSMO-CLM model with and without its urban canopy model TERRA_URB. Our results confirm the features from previous observational and modeling studies, including the UHI itself, the cooling effect above established by the cross-over effect, the urban dry/moist islands and the urban breeze circulation. Particularly, the UHI shows a strong diurnal variation in terms of intensity and vertical extent between daytime (≈0.5 K/≈1.5 km) and nighttime (>3 K/≈150 m). We have discovered a systematic veering in the downwind shift of the UHI spatial pattern established by the Coriolis effect, and an enhanced stable stratification of the rural surroundings established by the urban plumes further downwind. Finally, extending the analysis to multiple summers demonstrates a substantial increase in summer precipitation (up to +25%) over the city center and its leeward side. These urban-caused mesoclimatic effects need to be taken into account in weather and climate services, including the design of future megacities.

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Climatic and environmental characteristics of Moscow megalopolis according to the data of the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory over 60 years

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Aerosol and Its Radiative Effects during the Aeroradcity 2018 Moscow Experiment

Aerosol and Its Radiative Effects during the Aeroradcity 2018 Moscow Experiment

Long-term variability of aerosol optical thickness in Eastern Europe over 2001–2014 according to the measurements at the Moscow MSU MO AERONET site with additional cloud and NO<sub>2</sub> correction

Megacity-Induced Mesoclimatic Effects in the Lower Atmosphere: A Modeling Study for Multiple Summers over Moscow, Russia

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Climatic and environmental characteristics of Moscow megalopolis according to the data of the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory over 60 years

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Aerosol and Its Radiative Effects during the Aeroradcity 2018 Moscow Experiment

Aerosol and Its Radiative Effects during the Aeroradcity 2018 Moscow Experiment

Long-term variability of aerosol optical thickness in Eastern Europe over 2001–2014 according to the measurements at the Moscow MSU MO AERONET site with additional cloud and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; correction

Megacity-Induced Mesoclimatic Effects in the Lower Atmosphere: A Modeling Study for Multiple Summers over Moscow, Russia

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Long-term variability of aerosol optical thickness in Eastern Europe over 2001–2014 according to the measurements at the Moscow MSU MO AERONET site with additional cloud and NO<sub>2</sub> correction