Climatic adaptation and ecological descriptors of wild beans from Mexico

Abstract

Despite its economic, social, biological, and cultural importance, wild forms of the genus Phaseolus are not well represented in germplasm banks, and they are at great risk due to changes in land use as well as climate change. To improve our understanding of the potential geographical distribution of wild beans (Phaseolus spp.) from Mexico and support in situ and ex situ conservation programs, we determined the climatic adaptation ranges of 29 species and two subspecies of Phaseolus collected throughout Mexico. Based on five biotic and 117 abiotic variables obtained from different databases—WorldClim, Global‐Aridity, and Global‐PET—we performed principal component and cluster analyses. Germplasm was distributed among 12 climatic types from a possible 28. The general climatic ranges were as follows: 8–3,083 m above sea level; 12.07–26.96°C annual mean temperature; 10.33–202.68 mm annual precipitation; 9.33–16.56 W/m2 of net radiation; 11.68–14.23 hr photoperiod; 0.06–1.57 aridity index; and 10–1,728 mm/month of annual potential evapotranspiration. Most descriptive variables (25) clustered species into two groups: One included germplasm from semihot climates, and the other included germplasm from temperate climates. Species clustering showed 45% to 54% coincidence with species previously grouped using molecular data. The species P. filiformis, P. purpusii, and P. maculatus were found at low‐humidity locations; these species could be used to improve our understanding of the extreme aridity adaptation mechanisms used by wild beans to avoid or tolerate climate change as well as to introgress favorable alleles into new cultivars adapted to hot, dry environments.

Comprehensive genomic resources related to domestication and crop improvement traits in Lima bean

“…Wild and domesticated Lima beans are found in a wide variety of climatic conditions along their range of distribution from northern Mexico to northern Argentina 7,8,9 . Wild Lima beans are structured into three major gene pools according to genomic data 10 : two Mesoamerican (MI and MII) and one Andean (AI) gene pool.…”

Edaphoclimatic Descriptors of Wild Tomato Species (Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon) and Closely Related Species (Solanum Sect. Juglandifolia and Sect. Lycopersicoides) in South America

“…Ecological descriptors obtained, despite the incorporation of new accessions, are very similar to the ranges reported by Peralta et al (2008) and Ramírez-Ojeda et al (2021a) and generally identify the groups of species proposed in the classification. It is important to mention that this methodology has been widely used in the study of other species ( Ruiz-Corral et al, 2008 ; Cerda-Hurtado et al, 2018 ; Sánchez-González et al, 2018 ; Ramírez-Ojeda et al, 2021a ; 2021b ). With this information, it is also possible to identify those species with tolerance to extreme conditions, for example, low and high temperatures, humidity conditions, altitude, pH, BD, and all the possible conditions when associating a species with a climate type or soil unit ( Table 3 and Table 4 , Tables A1, A2, and A3 in Supplementary Material ).…”

Comparative phenomics of annual grain legume root architecture

“…We add the role of RSA to the existing literature that suggests a variety of distinct mechanisms are involved in drought adaptation (Ariani & Gepts, 2019; Cerda‐Hurtado et al., 2018; Cortés & Blair, 2018), including different water use strategies (Des Marais et al., 2012; Lasky et al., 2012). Root system architecture, water use strategy, and phenology interact in a complex fitness landscape where multiple favorable phene state combinations exist for a given species and environment.…”