Climate warming weakens local adaptation

Bontrager, Megan; Muir, Christopher D.; Mahony, Colin; De, Gamble; Rm, Germain; Hargreaves, Anna L.; Ej, Kleynhans; Ka, Thompson; Al, Angert

doi:10.1101/2020.11.01.364349

Cited by 12 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…2020) and to temporal variation in climate conditions (Bontrager et al. 2020). We searched for studies through March 19, 2017, which moved at least one population to multiple locations or multiple populations to at least one location and subsequently measured at least one component of fitness (see next).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

et al. 2021

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Every species experiences limits to its geographic distribution. Some evolutionary models predict that populations at range edges are less well adapted to their local environments due to drift, expansion load, or swamping gene flow from the range interior. Alternatively, populations near range edges might be uniquely adapted to marginal environments. In this study, we use a database of transplant studies that quantify performance at broad geographic scales to test how local adaptation, site quality, and population quality change from spatial and climatic range centers toward edges. We find that populations from poleward edges perform relatively poorly, both on average across all sites (15% lower population quality) and when compared to other populations at home (31% relative fitness disadvantage), consistent with these populations harboring high genetic load. Populations from equatorial edges also perform poorly on average (18% lower population quality) but, in contrast, outperform foreign populations (16% relative fitness advantage), suggesting that populations from equatorial edges have strongly adapted to unique environments. Finally, we find that populations from sites that are thermally extreme relative to the species' niche demonstrate strong local adaptation, regardless of their geographic position. Our findings indicate that both nonadaptive processes and adaptive evolution contribute to variation in adaptation across species' ranges.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For models of local adaptation, we also included the temperature deviation between a site's historical conditions and those during the experiment, which could alter the strength of local advantage (calculation methods are described in Bontrager et al. 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

et al. 2021

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“…We used a database of studies that had conducted transplant experiments moving populations of terrestrial species at geographic scales, which was previously compiled to examine adaptation to biotic interactions (Hargreaves et al, 2020) and to temporal variation in climate conditions (Bontrager et al, 2020). We searched for studies through 19 March 2017 that moved at least one population to multiple locations or multiple populations to at least one location and subsequently measured at least one component of fitness (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for this, we calculated the geographic distance, absolute temperature difference, and absolute precipitation difference between each source and site. For models of local adaptation, we also included the temperature deviation between a site’s historical conditions and those during the experiment, which could alter the strength of local advantage (calculation methods are described in Bontrager et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

Bontrager

Usui

Lee‐Yaw

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Every species experiences limits to its geographic distribution. Some evolutionary models predict that populations at range edges are less well-adapted to their local environments due to drift, expansion load, or swamping gene flow from the range interior. Alternatively, populations near range edges might be uniquely adapted to marginal environments if they experience strong selection. In this study, we use a database of transplant studies that quantify relative fitness at broad geographic scales to test how local adaptation, site quality, and population quality change from spatial and climatic range centers towards their range edges. We find that populations from poleward edges perform relatively poorly, both on average across all sites (15% lower population quality) and when compared to other populations at home (31% relative fitness disadvantage), consistent with these populations harboring high genetic load. Populations from equatorial edges also perform poorly on average across sites (18% lower population quality) but, in contrast, outperform foreign populations at home (16% relative fitness advantage), suggesting that populations from equatorial edges are specialized to unique environments. Finally, we find that populations from sites that are thermally extreme relative to the species’ niche demonstrate strong local adaptation, regardless of their geographic range position. Our findings indicate that both nonadaptive processes and adaptive evolution contribute to variation in adaptation across species’ ranges.

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“…We set 6 = 196 so that there was a 40% fitness difference between individuals perfectly adapted to the two extremes of the distribution of phenotypic optima. This was motivated by empirical studies of local adaptation that have demonstrated such fitness differences in numerous species (Hereford 2009;Bontrager et al 2020); see Appendix.…”

Section: Simulating Local Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The WZA: A window-based method for characterizing genotype-environment association

Booker

Yeaman

Whitlock

2021

Preprint

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Genotype environment association (GEA) studies have the potential to elucidate the genetic basis of local adaptation in natural populations. Specifically, GEA approaches look for a correlation between allele frequencies and putatively selective features of the environment. Genetic markers with extreme evidence of correlation with the environment are presumed to be tagging the location of alleles that contribute to local adaptation. In this study, we propose a new method for GEA studies called the weighted-Z analysis (WZA) that combines information from closely linked sites into analysis windows in a way that was inspired by methods for calculating FST. We analyze simulations modelling local adaptation to heterogeneous environments either using a GEA method that controls for population structure or an uncorrected approach. In the majority of cases we tested, the WZA either outperformed single-SNP based approaches or performed similarly. The WZA outperformed individual SNP approaches when the measured environment is not perfectly correlated with the true selection pressure or when a small number of individuals or demes was sampled. We apply the WZA to previously published data from lodgepole pine and identified candidate loci that were not found in the original study.

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Climate warming weakens local adaptation

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

The WZA: A window-based method for characterizing genotype-environment association

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