Climate warming triggers the emergence of native viruses in Iberian amphibians

Thumsová, Barbora; Price, Stephen J.; González-Cascón, Victoria; Vörös, Judit; Martinez‐Silvestre, Albert; Rosa, Gonçalo M.; Machordom, Annie; Bosch, Jaime

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105541

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Cultures and PCRs performed in Spain for the detection of the bacterium Chlamydia (Jones et al, 1945) (Chlamydiaceae) have been negative so far for both wild and captive populations [53]. However, Ranavirus (Iridoviridae) is more frequent, according to the surveillance conducted on Spanish salamanders and other amphibians [54]. The fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Longcore, Pessier, and D.K.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Data on the Larval Stages of Leptophallus nigrovenosus (Digenea, Plagiorchiata)

Poonlaphdecha,

Ribas,

Martínez-Silvestre

et al. 2024

Animals

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(1) Background: Leptophallus nigrovenosus, an esophageal parasite that primarily affects water snakes of the genus Natrix, has a known life cycle that involves snail and amphibian hosts. However, the biological aspects, chaetotaxic patterns, and pathogeny of this parasite in its hosts have not been fully elucidated. (2) Methods: Snails (Planorbarius metidjensis) were collected in Spain and examined for cercaria emergence. The larvae were used to experimentally infect Salamandra salamandra, and metacercariae were isolated. Their chaetotaxy was studied using microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The eye histology was also examined. (3) Results: The cercariae displayed distinctive morphological characteristics. The results of this study revealed three types of ciliated sensory papillae on the cercarial teguments, suggesting an adaptation for host detection and orientation. The metacercariae isolated from subcutaneous tissues showed oval bodies covered in spines. The chaetotaxy patterns matched those of Leptophallinae species. This is the first report of the presence of L. nigrovenosus in the snail P. metidjensis. Additionally, this study detected metacercariae in the eyes of S. salamandra, emphasizing the need for further research on trematode infections in amphibian eyes. (4) Conclusions: Members of the genus Salamandra can serve as secondary intermediate hosts for L. nigrovenosus, and the presence of metacercariae in amphibian eyes may have implications for the survival and habitat management of these amphibians. Understanding this parasite’s prevalence, transmission dynamics, and impacts on host populations is crucial for conservation strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Data on the Larval Stages of Leptophallus nigrovenosus (Digenea, Plagiorchiata)

Poonlaphdecha,

Ribas,

Martínez-Silvestre

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…More specifically, the interactions between climate warming and disease outbreaks have caused declines or even extinctions in several ectothermic hosts, including amphibians (Lafferty et al 2004, Bruno et al 2007, Rohr and Raffel 2010. A recent study by Thumsová et al (2022) found strong evidence that climate warming may trigger outbreaks of CMTV. Our study found direct experimental evidence that if the temperature becomes higher than what is ideal for the pathogens (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, epidemics caused by Ranaviruses (family Iridoviridae , hereafter Rv ) have also led to mass mortality events, resulting in local extinctions of amphibians (Teacher et al 2010, Kik et al 2011, Price et al 2014). More specifically, the globally distributed Frog Virus 3 (FV3), along with the Common midwife toad virus (CMTV), whose distribution is currently restricted to Europe in the wild (Price et al 2014, Thumsová et al 2022) is responsible for amphibian declines on the Iberian Peninsula and perhaps elsewhere in Europe (Thumsová et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the FV3 replicates successfully in vitro between 8 and 30°C, with a lower replication rate below 15°C and the highest rate at 30°C (Cunningham 2001). Indeed, deaths caused by Rv are more frequent during the summer months (Chinchar 2002), so temperature also appears to be a crucial determinant of ranavirosis dynamics (Price et al 2019, Thumsová et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amphibian larvae benefit from a warm environment under simultaneous threat from chytridiomycosis and ranavirosis

Herczeg

Holly

Kásler

et al. 2023

Oikos

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Rising temperatures can facilitate epizootic outbreaks, but disease outbreaks may be suppressed if temperatures increase beyond the optimum of the pathogens while still within the temperature range that allows for effective immune function in hosts. The two most devastating pathogens of wild amphibians, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranaviruses (Rv), co‐occur in large areas, yet little is known about the consequences of their co‐infection and how these consequences depend on temperature. Here we tested how exposure to Bd and subsequent exposure to Rv, followed by treatment at elevated temperatures (28 and 30°C versus 22°C) affected Bd and Rv prevalence, infection intensities, and resulting mortalities in larval agile frogs and common toads. We found multiple pieces of evidence that the presence of one pathogen influenced the prevalence and/or infection intensity of the other pathogen in both species, depending on temperature and initial Rv concentration. Generally, the 30°C treatment lowered the prevalence and infection intensity of both pathogens and, in agile frogs, this was mirrored by higher survival. These results suggest that if temperatures naturally increase or are artificially elevated beyond what is ideal for both Bd and Rv, amphibians may be able to control infections and survive even the simultaneous presence of their most dangerous pathogenic enemies.

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“…Amphibians experience periods of increased infection prevalence of pathogens, such as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranaviruses (Rv), in specific life stages [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. These periods may indicate ontogenetic drivers of host immune function, including shifts in the abundance of beneficial skin microbes during development [35,36], which can alter susceptibility to pathogen infection [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny drives shifts in skin bacterial communities in facultatively paedomorphic salamanders

Hartmann,

McGrath-Blaser,

Colón-Piñeiro

et al. 2023

Microbiology

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Microbiomes are major determinants of host growth, development and survival. In amphibians, host-associated bacteria in the skin can inhibit pathogen infection, but many processes can influence the structure and composition of the community. Here we quantified the shifts in skin-associated bacteria across developmental stages in the striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus), a threatened salamander species with a complex life history and vulnerable to infection by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus. Our analyses show that pre-metamorphic larval and paedomorphic stages share similar bacterial compositions, and that the changes in the microbiome coincided with physiological restructuring during metamorphosis. Newts undergoing metamorphosis exhibited microbiome compositions that were intermediate between paedomorphic and post-metamorphic stages, further supporting the idea that metamorphosis is a major driver of host-associated microbes in amphibians. We did not find support for infection-related disruption of the microbiome, though infection replicates were small for each respective life stage.

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Climate warming triggers the emergence of native viruses in Iberian amphibians

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

New Data on the Larval Stages of Leptophallus nigrovenosus (Digenea, Plagiorchiata)

New Data on the Larval Stages of Leptophallus nigrovenosus (Digenea, Plagiorchiata)

Amphibian larvae benefit from a warm environment under simultaneous threat from chytridiomycosis and ranavirosis

Ontogeny drives shifts in skin bacterial communities in facultatively paedomorphic salamanders

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