Climate warming and predation risk during herbivore ontogeny

Barton, Brandon T.

doi:10.1890/09-2278.1

Cited by 57 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At higher trophic levels, rates of change and magnitude of response may differ compared with host insect species due to variation in plasticity of traits, such as voltinism, or differences in thermal preference-performance relationships (Hance et al, 2007). For example, Barton (2010) showed a decrease in spatial overlap between predatory spiders and grasshopper prey as a result of differential responses to warming, which allowed herbivorous grasshoppers to increase feeding time.…”

Section: Climate Change and Multitrophic Level Species Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

et al. 2012

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(A.M.T.) Understanding and predicting the impacts of anthropogenically driven climate change on species interactions and ecosystem processes is a critical scientific and societal challenge. Climate change has important ecological consequences for species interactions that occur across multiple trophic levels. In this Update, we broadly examine recent literature focused on disentangling the direct and indirect effects of temperature and water availability on plants, phytophagous insects, and the natural enemies of these insects, with special attention given to forest ecosystems. We highlight the role of temperature in shaping plant and insect metabolism, growth, development, and phenology. Additionally, we address the complexity involved in determining climate-mediated effects on plant-insect and multitrophic level interactions as well as the roles of plant ecophysiological processes in driving both bottom-up and top-down controls. Climate warming may exacerbate plant susceptibility to attack by some insect groups, particularly under reduced water availability. Despite considerable growth in research investigating the effects of climate change on plants and insects, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how temperature and precipitation influence species interactions, particularly with respect to plant defense traits and insect outbreaks. Moreover, a systematic literature review reveals that research efforts to date are highly overrepresented by plant studies and suggests a need for greater attention to plant-insect and multitrophic level interactions. Understanding the role of climatic variability and change on such interactions will provide further insight into links between abiotic and biotic drivers of community-and ecosystem-level processes.Anthropogenic activities have led to rapid and unprecedented increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases, which in turn have resulted in numerous observable climatic changes, such as elevated temperature, increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events (e.g. heat waves and droughts), and altered precipitation patterns (e.g. decreased snow cover) (National Research Council, 2010). Species are responding to these climate change factors, as demonstrated by shifts in phenology (the timing of key biological and life history events), biogeographic ranges, and ecological interactions (Bale et al., 2002;Parmesan and Yohe, 2003;Hegland et al., 2009;Robinson et al., 2012). In this Update, we review and discuss the consequences of climate change on plant-insect and multitrophic interactions. Specifically, we address the direct and indirect effects of climate warming and altered precipitation patterns on plants, phytophagous insects, and higher trophic level organisms. We focus on these two components of climate change, firstly, because temperature is the abiotic factor that most directly influences insects (Bale et al., 2002), and secondly, because water availability plays a prominent role in mediating plant-insect interactions (Mattso...

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Section: Climate Change and Multitrophic Level Species Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

et al. 2012

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“…This occurs because spiders and grasshoppers are affected by warming differently. I previously demonstrated that at ambient temperatures these two species overlap spatially within the plant canopy and spiders decrease grasshopper daily feeding time through sublethal risk effects [16]. However, warming causes spiders to seek thermal refuge in the shade of the lower plant canopy where temperatures are cooler [17], whereas grasshopper location is unaffected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, warming causes spiders to seek thermal refuge in the shade of the lower plant canopy where temperatures are cooler [17], whereas grasshopper location is unaffected. Grasshoppers continue to respond to spider presence by consuming a herb-based diet, but also increase daily feeding time as spiders move lower, thereby exacerbating their effect on the competitively dominant herb [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation to temperature conserves top-down control in a grassland food web

Barton

2011

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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A fundamental limitation in many climate change experiments is that tests represent relatively short-term 'shock' experiments and so do not incorporate the phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary change that may occur during the gradual process of climate change. However, capturing this aspect of climate change effects in an experimental design is a difficult challenge that few studies have accomplished. I examined the effect of temperature and predator climate history in food webs composed of herbaceous plants, generalist grasshopper herbivores and spider predators across a natural 4.88C temperature gradient spanning 500 km in northeastern USA. In these grasslands, the effects of rising temperatures on the plant community are indirect and arise via altered predator -herbivore interactions. Experimental warming had no direct effect on grasshoppers, but reduced predation risk effects by causing spiders from all study sites to seek thermal refuge lower in the plant canopy. However, spider thermal tolerance corresponded to spider origin such that spiders from warmer study sites tolerated higher temperatures than spiders from cooler study sites. As a consequence, the magnitude of the indirect effect of spiders on plants did not differ along the temperature gradient, although a reciprocal transplant experiment revealed significantly different effects of spider origin on the magnitude of top-down control. These results suggest that variation in predator response to warming may maintain species interactions and associated food web processes when faced with long term, chronic climate warming.

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“…Such size-and age-related changes in behavior are common, including in sharks, but not ubiquitous among vertebrates . Therefore, quantifying these ontogenetic shifts and the factors that drive them is important for understanding when and how behavior may change with size and age as well as how ontogenetic habitat shifts and ecological roles of juveniles might vary with increasing anthropogenic impacts to ecosystems (Barton 2010;Yang & Rudolf 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As animals grow, vulnerability to predation generally decreases because of greater size, speed, and escape ability, often leading to increased use of more profitable areas that have become less risky for larger individuals ). As such, ontogenetic shifts in habitat use are common among vertebrates, and size-related differences in food-safety trade-offs can lead to size segregation within populations Klemetsen et al, 2003;Barton 2010), as well as size-related differences in the ecological roles of individuals across ageclasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Individual Factors Shaping the Habitat Use and Trophic Interactions of Juvenile Bull Sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in a Subtropical Estuary

Matich¹

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I would like to first thank Mike Heithaus, my major advisor, for taking a chance on a relatively inexperienced student, and giving him the opportunity to shine. You have been an excellent role model for me, both professionally and personally, and through your encouragement and guidance provided me with a means to pursue my career aspirations. Your levels of energy and excitement still surprise me, and the commitment to put toward your career and family have inspired me. Thank you for helping me develop both as a scientist and a person.I am forever indebted to Adam Rosenblatt for his unwavering support and assistance throughout my dissertation. Adam's door was always open and he was always willing to listen or discuss anything work-wise or of personal nature. You set a fantastic example, and through the many hours we spent alone on a boat, in the water, and in a tent you showed me the way of the world through the Everglades and Miami. Thank you for being so helpful and generous during our development together. otherwise. You will continue to inspire me to laugh every day and search for new places to explore and heights to climb. Michelle, you make me look on the bright side of things and are always the perfect partner in crime. Our lives will continue to intersect even after I move away. I could not have made it through these last six years without each of you. Therefore, elucidating the factors that drive persistent individual differences within populations is crucial for understanding how individuals, and in turn populations, will respond to environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors, and the implications of these responses for particular ecological functions. In this dissertation I investigated the movements, residency patterns, and trophic interactions of a juvenile bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) population in a coastal estuary that serves as a nursery. I found that bull sharks undergo ontogenetic niche shifts in their diets and habitat use, with a gradual shift from using freshwater and estuarine resources to marine resources as sharks grew. This behavioral shift appeared to be driven by age-based differences in tradeoffs between safety from predators and availability of prey. Nested within population-level viii trends in behavior, there was considerable, and consistent, individual variation in both movements and trophic interactions suggesting individual specialization and divergent behavioral tactics within the population. Different behavioral types likely play different roles in food web connectivity and ecosystem dynamics, thus understanding the drivers and importance of phenotypic variability among species will be crucial for improving management strategies and predicting the responses of species and ecosystems to impending changes in environmental conditions and human impacts. ix Estuary relative to the availability of prey from surrounding marshes using acoustic 6 telemetry. I also compare stable isotope values from different tissues of sharks to make predictions about competing models of t...

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Climate warming and predation risk during herbivore ontogeny

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

Local adaptation to temperature conserves top-down control in a grassland food web

Environmental and Individual Factors Shaping the Habitat Use and Trophic Interactions of Juvenile Bull Sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in a Subtropical Estuary

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