Climate Variability of the Intensity of Synoptic Processes in the North Atlantic Midlatitudes

Gulev, Sergey

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0574:cvotio>2.0.co;2

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…The preference of above considered data sets for climatic studies is arguable. Nevertheless, it was found recently that in contrast to COADS, data from NCEP analysis show interdecadal variability that is very similar to that obtained from OWS data (Gulev, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…It is noted here that Rogers (1997) in his study of the North Atlantic storm track variability and its association to the NAO has found that the primary storm track pattern does not suggest a strong storm track link to the NAO. A possible explanation of the relationships obtained can be found in Gulev (1997) and Gulev et al (1998). It was shown that standard deviations calculated for different time scales demonstrate different tendencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It was indicated that intramonthly standard deviations of SLP vary simultaneously with SLP monthly means but lead monthly means of SST. On the basis of the North Atlantic Weather Stations (OWSs) dataset, Gulev (1997) studied long-term interannual variations of the intramonthly statistics in terms of linear trends and interannual oscillations with periods of several years. Rogers (1997) investigated the North Atlantic storm track variability and its association with monthly mean SLP fields and regional low-frequency teleconnections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal and longer changes of the winter sea level pressure fields and related synoptic activity over the North Atlantic

Zveryaev¹

1999

Int. J. Climatol.

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Long-term intensity changes in the winter synoptic activity over the North Atlantic are studied in relation to changes of the winter mean sea level pressure (SLP) fields. Analysis of linear trends has revealed a good agreement between long-term (interdecadal) changes in the intensity of synoptic processes and variations of the winter SLP. On the contrary, no such agreement was found between detrended and low-pass filtered anomalies. There are periods, that are characterised by the enhanced (reduced) synoptic activity attributed to the low (high) index of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). It appears that low-passed anomalies of intramonthly root mean square deviations (RMSD) of SLP are negatively correlated with NAO and East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection patterns over most of the North Atlantic. The low-passed winter SLP anomalies demonstrate both propagating and standing patterns. The latter have a period of about 8 years. While meridional dipole-like structures formed by the winter SLP anomalies are shifted to the west (east) of the North Atlantic, the related anomalies of synoptic activity tend to be located in the eastern (western) part of the region. When decadally averaged, anomalies in the intensity of synoptic activity are strongly linked to the North Atlantic storm track position. The exception is the 1980 -1990 decade, characterised by a very high NAO index. During this decade, enhanced synoptic activity is observed to the south of the North Atlantic storm track.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal and longer changes of the winter sea level pressure fields and related synoptic activity over the North Atlantic

Zveryaev¹

1999

Int. J. Climatol.

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“…Given the similarity between the model teleconnections and the NAO, and the fact that regions of high teleconnection strength tend to correspond to high amplitudes of the leading EOF, a number of features of the model can now be explained. Numerous studies have linked the existence and behavior of the NAO to the storm tracks (e.g., Rogers 1990;Hurrell 1995;Gulev 1997;DeWeaver and Nigam 2000). While the relationship between the storm tracks and the NAO is complex, and not fully understood, evidently the high-frequency transients play an important role in governing the NAO.…”

Section: Fig 9 Comparison Of Maximum Anticorrelation and Leadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonal Asymmetries, Teleconnections, and Annular Patterns in a GCM

Cash

Kushner

Vallis

2005

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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The influence of zonally asymmetric boundary conditions on the leading modes of variability in a suite of atmospheric general circulation models is investigated. The set of experiments consists of nine model configurations, with varying degrees and types of zonal asymmetry in their boundary conditions. The structure of the leading EOF varies with the zonal asymmetry of the base state for each model configuration. In particular, a close relationship is found between the structure of the EOF and the model storm tracks. An approximately linear relationship is found to hold between the magnitude of the zonal asymmetry of the leading EOF and of the storm tracks in the models. It is shown that this linear relationship extends to the observations. One-point correlation maps centered on the regions where the EOFs reach their maximum amplitude show similar structures for all configurations. These structures consist of a north–south dipole, resembling the observed structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). They are significantly more zonally localized than the leading EOF, but do resemble one-point correlation maps and sector EOFs calculated for a simulation with zonally symmetric boundary conditions. Thus, the leading EOF for each simulation appears to represent the longitudinal distribution of zonally localized NAO-like patterns. This longitudinal distribution appears to be tied to the distribution of high-frequency eddies, as represented by the storm tracks. A detailed momentum budget for each case confirms that high-frequency eddies play a crucial role in producing the NAO-like patterns. Other dynamical processes also play an important role, but vary with the details of the simulation.

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“…Many studies of midlatitude air-sea interaction (e.g., Kraus and Morrison 1966;Elsberry and Camp 1978;Gulev 1997) utilized data collected at ocean weather stations (OWSs) scattered over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, one of the few sources of long-term data records over the oceans. Zhao and McBean (1986) and Cayan (1992) were among the first to examine basinwide surface flux variability and the processes that generate this variability over the oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Flux Variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans

Alexander¹,

Scott²

1997

J. Climate

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Daily fields obtained from a 17-yr atmospheric GCM simulation are used to study the surface sensible and latent heat flux variability and its relationship to the sea level pressure (SLP) field. The fluxes are analyzed over the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans during winter. The leading mode of interannual SLP variability consists of a single center associated with the Aleutian low in the Pacific, and a dipole pattern associated with the Icelandic low and Azores high in the Atlantic. The surface flux anomalies are organized by the low-level atmospheric circulation associated with these modes in agreement with previous observational studies. The surface flux variability on all of the timescales examined, including intraseasonal, interannual, 3-10 day, and 10-30 day, is maximized along the north and west edges of both oceans and between Japan and the date line at ϳ35ЊN in the Pacific. The intraseasonal variability is approximately 3-5 times larger than the interannual variability, with more than half of the total surface flux variability occuring on timescales of less than 1 month. Surface flux variability in the 3-10-day band is clearly associated with midlatitude synoptic storms. Composites indicate upward (downward) flux anomalies that exceed |30 W m Ϫ2 | occur to the west (east) of storms, which move eastward across the oceans at 10Њ-15Њ per day. The SLP and surface flux anomalies are also strong and coherent in the 10-30-day band but are located farther north, are broader in scale, and propagate ϳ3-4 times more slowly eastward than the synoptic disturbances. The sensible and latent heat flux are proportional to the wind speed multiplied by the air-sea temperature and humidity difference, respectively. The anomalous wind speed has the greatest influence on surface flux anomalies in the subtropics and western Pacific, while the air temperature and moisture anomalies have the greatest impact in the northeast Pacific and north of 40ЊN in the Atlantic. The covariance between the wind speed and the air temperature or humidity anomalies, while generally small, is nonnegligible on synoptic timescales.

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Climate Variability of the Intensity of Synoptic Processes in the North Atlantic Midlatitudes

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Decadal and longer changes of the winter sea level pressure fields and related synoptic activity over the North Atlantic

Decadal and longer changes of the winter sea level pressure fields and related synoptic activity over the North Atlantic

Zonal Asymmetries, Teleconnections, and Annular Patterns in a GCM

Surface Flux Variability over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans

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