Climate variability and lake ecosystem responses in western Scandinavia (Norway) during the last Millennium

Zawiska, Izabela; Luoto, Tomi P.; Nevalainen, Liisa; Tylmann, Wojciech; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Obremska, Milena; Słowiński, Michael; Woszczyk, Michał; Schartau, Ann Kristin; Walseng, Bjørn

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.034

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The two‐phased LIA, which is evident in the current record and also an inconsistent component in hemispheric data sets (Osborn and Briffa, ; Mann et al ., ), can be explained by the persistent negative NAO index phase during the first cold period (Trouet et al ., ), whereas the beginning of the second cold period (∼1700 CE) is synchronous with the culmination of the Maunder solar minimum (Bard et al ., ). In northern Europe, the differences in the characteristics of the LIA are probably caused by the continentality gradient, because the two‐phased LIA is more clearly present in maritime western Scandinavia (Zawiska et al ., ) and becomes more flickering towards continental eastern Scandinavia (Luoto and Nevalainen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two-phased LIA, which is evident in the current record and also an inconsistent component in hemispheric data sets (Osborn and Briffa, 2006;Mann et al, 2009), can be explained by the persistent negative NAO index phase during the first cold period (Trouet et al, 2009), whereas the beginning of the second cold period (∼1700 CE) is synchronous with the culmination of the Maunder solar minimum (Bard et al, 2000). In northern Europe, the differences in the characteristics of the LIA are probably caused by the continentality gradient, because the two-phased LIA is more clearly present in maritime western Scandinavia (Zawiska et al, 2017) and becomes more flickering towards continental eastern Scandinavia . The temperature increase associated with the recent global climate warming appears to be restricted to the uppermost sediments but display a similar temperature development compared to the tree-ring data from central Lapland (Matskovsky and Helama, 2014; Figure 4) and the chironomid-based reconstruction from nearby Námmájávri (Rantala et al, 2016b), although the temperatures of the early 20th century may be slightly underestimated.…”

Section: Temperature Dynamics Of the Cementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and recent warming in northern Lapland

Luoto

Kivilä

Rantala

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The major climate events of the Common Era (CE) have global imprints but significant variations in their timing and magnitude have been suggested. For reliable assessments of the past climate patterns and their applications for evaluations of the ongoing changes, spatially comprehensive network of high‐fidelity paleorecords are necessary. In this study, we reconstruct summer air temperatures of the past 2000 years from northern Lapland (Utsjoki, Finland). We use fossil Chironomidae (Diptera) assemblages from sediments of a remote subarctic lake (Loažžejávri) and the transfer function approach for quantitative temperature reconstruction. The results indicate that the Chironomidae fauna were responding to air temperature and the core assemblages had good modern analogues in the calibration set allowing reliable paleoclimate reconstruction. In our reconstruction, a warm period between ∼900 and 1300 CE is synchronous with the globally defined extent of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), though beginning considerably later than previously reconstructed for eastern Scandinavia. The MCA was also relatively mild, as the temperatures were only 0.5 °C higher than the record average. Similar to eastern Scandinavia, a cold period corresponding to the Little Ice Age (LIA) was longer that typically observed in hemispheric reconstructions beginning already at ∼1400 CE and lasting very close to modern times. We also found confirming evidence that the LIA was interrupted by a short‐lived warmer period dividing it into two separate cold events in the region. Based on our results, the present is warmer than during any time of the MCA displaying how rapid and severe the ongoing climate change is.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Dynamics Of the Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and recent warming in northern Lapland

Luoto

Kivilä

Rantala

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…According to our proxies, the general late Holocene cooling trend culminated at $300-200 cal a BP, coinciding with the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA). The previous $2000/1000year paleoclimate reconstructions from Svalbard indicate that the LIA was a rather muted and short-lived event in the area (Velle et al, 2011;D'Andrea et al, 2012) compared to continental northern Europe, where it lasted for several centuries Nevalainen, 2015, 2017a;Zawiska et al, 2017). This is also well reflected in glacier ELA records, since the LIA is well represented in a record from continental Norway (Bakke et al, 2005), while less distinct in the Svalbard glacier record (Røthe et al, 2015), suggesting that short-lived climate events may not be evident in glacier growth.…”

Section: Temperature Reconstructions and Climate Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronized proxy‐based temperature reconstructions reveal mid‐ to late Holocene climate oscillations in High Arctic Svalbard

Luoto

Ojala

Arppe

et al. 2017

J Quaternary Science

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Existing paleoclimate data are exceedingly sparse from southern Spitsbergen, a High Arctic region predicted to experience significant environmental changes because of amplified warming. We analyzed biotic and isotopic paleolimnological proxies to reconstruct past climate from a lacustrine sediment core, with a basal age of $5500 a BP, in southern Spitsbergen (77˚N). We used fossil Chironomidae assemblages to quantitatively reconstruct past mean July air temperatures and stable oxygen isotope values (d 18 O) of these fossils to estimate changes in mean annual air temperature. These proxy records are strikingly similar and show that the coldest anomaly since the mid-Holocene occurred between 350 and 50 cal a BP, during the 'Little Ice Age', whereas the warmest period in the summer temperature record occurred between 5500-5000 and $2000 cal a BP. Our findings indicate that the natural long-term air temperature dynamics in our study area are most likely connected to solar minima and positive feedback mechanisms from sea-surface temperature maxima. The results also highlight that the recent temperature increase is unprecedented in its rate with a $2˚C increase in the summer temperatures during the past $50 years.

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“…In most cases, their occurrences in Medieval locations overlap with their modern ranges. This was somewhat unexpected, given that the Medieval period experienced significant climatic oscillations (Ahmed et al 2013;Zawiska et al 2017), and saw the rise of urban centres. Climatic changes were expected to be reflected by the presence of species well outside their current ranges or by species currently absent from Norway.…”

Section: Patterns In Wild Bird Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds in Medieval Norway

2019

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Whilst modern avian distributions in Scandinavia are well studied, how past events and processes have shaped modern bird communities in the region remains poorly known. This is mainly due to the fact that work on post-glacial avian assemblages has been done mostly from an archaeological perspective, and on a site-specific basis. Therefore, in order to understand the history of bird species in Scandinavia, there is a clear need to collate data on the past occurrences and abundance of birds within the region. Here we present data on the presence of bird species within 21 Norwegian Medieval (1030-1537 CE) assemblages. Despite climatic fluctuations and the rise of urban centres, our re-examination and compilation of bird bone assemblages from Medieval Norway found no evidence to suggest that the Medieval bird fauna differed from the modern one. The most common birds in Medieval assemblages are Galliformes. In urban sites these are mostly domestic fowl, whereas on rural sites wild species are dominant. Our data indicates an introduction of domestic fowl in the early Medieval period and a slightly delayed introduction of domestic geese, with both species becoming more abundant during the mid to late Medieval period. This appears to be later than other Scandinavian countries. Interestingly, species that are now ubiquitous in urban areas, such as pigeons, corvids and gulls are mostly absent from Medieval urban centres. In addition, we found a bias towards the use of female Accipiter gentilis in falconry, while Falco species may have been exported. This is the first time that data on past avian occurrences for any period are reviewed and collated for Norway. In addition, our work highlights the importance of birds and bird exploitation in Medieval Norway.

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Climate variability and lake ecosystem responses in western Scandinavia (Norway) during the last Millennium

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Characterization of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and recent warming in northern Lapland

Characterization of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and recent warming in northern Lapland

Synchronized proxy‐based temperature reconstructions reveal mid‐ to late Holocene climate oscillations in High Arctic Svalbard

Birds in Medieval Norway

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