Climate, Urbanization and Environmental Pollution in West Africa

Ofoezie, Emmanuel I.; Eludoyin, Adebayo Oluwole; Udeh, Ebere B.; Onanuga, Margaret Yejide; Salami, Olalekan O.; Adebayo, Abdulquddus A.

doi:10.3390/su142315602

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…The rising urbanisation and the volatility of the economy continued to impose substantial welfare costs on households in the face of future uncertainty, shocks [4][5][6], and unemployment [7,8]. The increase in urbanisation is intertwined with the existential challenges the world has faced in the last five decades [9]. For example, in Nigeria, the impacts of the economic crisis included the recession and the slump in oil, minerals, and agricultural products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihood Strategies and Their Determinants among Informal Households in Calabar, Nigeria

Nchor

2023

Sustainability

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The purpose of investigating livelihood strategies is to seek patterns that can be acted upon in order to improve livelihood prospects. This paper assesses household livelihood strategies and their determinates by asking (1) how urban households manage and mobilise resources and (2) how they combine assets—emphasising the existing strategies they adopt and their outcomes. Using a mixed-method cross-sectional design, four informal settlements were surveyed. Household questionnaires were developed and used to collect data from 425 households in Calabar, Nigeria. A total of 45 interviews, non-participant observation, and 2 focus groups were conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 26, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and presented using tables. The qualitative data were collected, coded and analysed using NVivo 1.2 (QRS International). Fundamental context-related livelihood strategies in asset building are identified, and the diverse approaches and constraints that emerged are analysed. The result shows that households diversify their assets with strategies which are complex and diverse. This ranges from the extension of spaces and sub-letting a room to reducing their expenses (by spending less), borrowing from friends and relatives, and seeking help from community organisations. Others include pawning their belongings, engaging in home-based enterprises, and investing in children’s education, migration, and urban agriculture. Findings further indicate the ability of households to avoid or reduce their vulnerability and to increase their productivity depends on their initial assets and on their ability to transform them into income, food, or other necessities. This paper recommends ways of strengthening and supporting households’ strategies to cope with and reduce housing vulnerability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihood Strategies and Their Determinants among Informal Households in Calabar, Nigeria

Nchor

2023

Sustainability

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“…While detrimental effects of air pollution on human health are well established, its impact has been inequitably distributed, with some communities affected more than others. Global evidence (including studies from North American, South American, European, Asian, and African locations) indicate a link between socioeconomic status (SES) and exposure to air pollution: specifically, individuals that experience economic hardship are more likely to reside in areas with elevated levels of air pollution (Evans & Kantrowitz, 2002; Martins et al., 2004; Hajat et al., 2015; Yang & Liu, 2018; Ofoezie et al., 2022). In the United States, Americans of color are disproportionately exposed to and negatively impacted by air pollutants relative to White Americans (Hadeed et al., 2021; Wooduff et al., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of air pollution on neurocognitive development: Adverse effects and health disparities

Pham,

Chiew

2023

Developmental Psychobiology

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Air pollution is recognized as a major public health concern. The number of deaths related to ambient air pollution has increased in recent years and is projected to continue rising. Additionally, both short‐ and long‐term air pollution exposure has been linked with deleterious effects on neurocognitive function and development. While air pollution poses as a threat to everyone, people of color and individuals of lower socioeconomic status are often exposed to elevated levels of air pollution as a function of systemic racism and classism. Further, given additional disparities in access to healthcare and other compounding stressors, adverse effects of air pollution on neurocognitive health are exacerbated among individuals who hold marginalized identities—making effects both less likely to be detected and treated. This review examines evidence of the effects of air pollution on neurocognitive development across the lifespan and incorporates an environmental justice perspective to highlight disparities in air pollution exposure across race and socioeconomic status. Last, upon the reviewed evidence, limitations of past research and recommendations for policy are discussed.

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“…There are several issues caused by smog, and this article advocates for reforms to the laws in Delhi and Lahore that aim to solve these issues. Manisalidis et al, 2020;Nahar et al, 2021;Ofoezie et al, 2022;Shi et al, 2020). Air pollution is a type of environmental degradation described as an unfavourable condition of natural air that has been contaminated with hazardous elements due to human activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Smog: Legislation Addressing Children’s Right to Health in India and Pakistan

Ali

2023

Hum. Rights Glob. South.

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The negative consequences of air pollution on children’s health have reached a crisis in some South Asian countries, such as India and Pakistan, particularly in the sister cities of Delhi and Lahore. Urban air pollution poses unique dangers to the health of children. Children are particularly susceptible to the health impacts of smog since their organs and immune systems are still developing. Smog has been related to a variety of chronic health issues, including retarded lung development and cognitive impairment. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) emphasises that all children have the right to grow up in a secure and healthy setting. Governments are obligated to provide children with health care and a safe environment under the CRC. The health of children in heavily populated and industrialised cities like Delhi and Lahore needs legal safeguards. A nuanced picture emerges of the effectiveness of laws protecting children's health during smog in Delhi and Lahore. In Delhi and Lahore, there is a dire need for comprehensive laws to safeguard children's health during smog. Comprehensive legislation is essential to mandate pollution control measures, improve air quality, and ensure a healthier future for the region's children. There are several issues caused by smog, and this article advocates for reforms to the laws in Delhi and Lahore that aim to solve these issues.

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Climate, Urbanization and Environmental Pollution in West Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 158 publications

Livelihood Strategies and Their Determinants among Informal Households in Calabar, Nigeria

Livelihood Strategies and Their Determinants among Informal Households in Calabar, Nigeria

The impact of air pollution on neurocognitive development: Adverse effects and health disparities

Navigating Smog: Legislation Addressing Children’s Right to Health in India and Pakistan

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