Climate threat on the Macaronesian endemic bryophyte flora

Patiño, Jairo; Mateo, Rubén G.; Zanatta, Florian; Marquet, Adrien; Aranda, Silvia C.; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Dirkse, G.M.; Gabriel, Rosalina; González‐Mancebo, Juana María; Guisan, Antoine; Muñoz, Jesús; Sim‐Sim, Manuela; Vanderpoorten, Alain

doi:10.1038/srep29156

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Finally, ecological isolation, not only geographical isolation, might be responsible for the high diversification in the laurel forests. Since the onset of the Mediterranean climate, laurel forests only persisted in Macaronesia, where the oceanic environment buffered the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene (Fernández‐Palacios et al., ; Patiño et al., ). In summary, we suggest that environmental filtering, anthropogenic disturbance, and spatial and ecological isolation of communities to be the main factors responsible for the observed changes in spatial trends with elevation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant invasion and speciation along elevational gradients on the oceanic island La Palma, Canary Islands

Steinbauer

Irl

González‐Mancebo

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Ecosystems that provide environmental opportunities but are poor in species and functional richness generally support speciation as well as invasion processes. These processes are expected not to be equally effective along elevational gradients due to specific ecological, spatial, and anthropogenic filters, thus controlling the dispersal and establishment of species. Here, we investigate speciation and invasion processes along elevational gradients. We assess the vascular plant species richness as well as the number and percentage of endemic species and non‐native species systematically along three elevational gradients covering large parts of the climatic range of La Palma, Canary Islands. Species richness was negatively correlated with elevation, while the percentage of Canary endemic species showed a positive relationship. However, the percentage of Canary–Madeira endemics did not show a relationship with elevation. Non‐native species richness (indicating invasion) peaked at 500 m elevation and showed a consistent decline until about 1,200 m elevation. Above that limit, no non‐native species were present in the studied elevational gradients. Ecological, anthropogenic, and spatial filters control richness, diversification, and invasion with elevation. With increase in elevation, richness decreases due to species–area relationships. Ecological limitations of native ruderal species related to anthropogenic pressure are in line with the absence of non‐native species from high elevations indicating directional ecological filtering. Increase in ecological isolation with elevation drives diversification and thus increased percentages of Canary endemics. The best preserved eastern transect, including mature laurel forests, is an exception. The high percentage of Canary–Madeira endemics indicates the cloud forest's environmental uniqueness—and thus ecological isolation—beyond the Macaronesian islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant invasion and speciation along elevational gradients on the oceanic island La Palma, Canary Islands

Steinbauer

Irl

González‐Mancebo

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Such data will be also crucial for validating model predictions (Honrado et al 2016) and demonstrating the impacts of climate change on species distributions on islands (e.g. Ferreira et al 2016;Patiño et al 2016) and to develop proper programs for controlling and eradicating invasive species. This type of data will also be relevant for many island nations to identify threatened species through IUCN Red List assessments and to monitor the delivery of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Aichi Targets and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).…”

Section: Diversity Metrics and Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots can be placed every 200 m along the elevational gradient, as in the NETBIOME-MOVECLIM project (Gabriel et al 2014;Henriques et al 2016), which may be sufficient to reflect climatic changes affecting species distribution in all selected taxonomic groups (see e.g. Ferreira et al 2016;Patiño et al 2016). …”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS): a proposal for the long-term coordinated survey and monitoring of native island forest biota

et al. 2018

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Islands harbour evolutionary and ecologically unique biota, which are currently disproportionately threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic factors, including habitat loss, 2568 Biodivers Conserv (2018) 27:2567-2586 1 3 invasive species and climate change. Native forests on oceanic islands are important refugia for endemic species, many of which are rare and highly threatened. Long-term monitoring schemes for those biota and ecosystems are urgently needed: (i) to provide quantitative baselines for detecting changes within island ecosystems, (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management actions, and (iii) to identify general ecological patterns and processes using multiple island systems as repeated 'natural experiments'. In this contribution, we call for a Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) for monitoring the remaining native island forests, using bryophytes, vascular plants, selected groups of arthropods and vertebrates as model taxa. As a basis for the GIMS, we also present new, optimized monitoring protocols for bryophytes and arthropods that were developed based on former standardized inventory protocols. Effective inventorying and monitoring of native island forests will require: (i) permanent plots covering diverse ecological gradients (e.g. elevation, age of terrain, anthropogenic disturbance); (ii) a multiple-taxa approach that is based on standardized and replicable protocols; (iii) a common set of indicator taxa and community properties that are indicative of native island forests' welfare, building on, and harmonized with existing sampling and monitoring efforts; (iv) capacity building and training of local researchers, collaboration and continuous dialogue with local stakeholders; and (v) long-term commitment by funding agencies to maintain a global network of native island forest monitoring plots.

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“…In addition, in particular endemic bryophyte species might suffer from future climate change on Madeira, as suitable growth habitats might decrease by 62–87% depending on the species. Six of the Macaronesian endemic species, including three Madeiran endemics from the laurel forest, might even become extinct if no conservation actions will be taken (Patiño et al., ). Moreover, bryophyte and lichen diversity might be further threatened by the probably increasing disturbances by forest fires because of reduced future precipitation (Kaufmann & Berg, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island

Boch

Martins

Ruas

et al. 2019

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Studies on bryophyte and lichen diversity patterns along elevational gradients are scarce, although this approach can serve as space‐for‐time substitution to predict diversity changes because of climate warming. Therefore, we investigated bryophytes and macrolichens in disturbed and undisturbed stands along an elevational gradient in the unique laurel forest of Madeira island by addressing the following questions: (a) how does the species richness of functional‐taxonomic bryophyte and macrolichen groups differ with elevation; (b) how is the species richness of these groups affected by disturbances? Location UNESCO World Natural Heritage site laurel forest of Madeira island (Madeira, Portugal). Methods We analyzed species richness of bryophytes and macrolichens in 92 plots in response to elevation and to disturbances. Results Bryophyte species richness showed a mid‐elevational peak, while macrolichen richness increased with elevation. Disturbed plots harbored on average 20% less bryophyte and macrolichen species than undisturbed plots. Conclusions The laurel forest of Madeira island is a bryophyte and lichen diversity hotspot. Our findings indicate future biodiversity threats by changing environmental conditions. This calls for the need for a strict protection status of the laurel forest on Madeira island to minimize human‐related disturbances, for the development of management measures that could mitigate climate change effects by maximizing habitat suitability and for the implementation of species conservation programs to prevent future extinctions, in particular of endemic species.

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Climate threat on the Macaronesian endemic bryophyte flora

Cited by 48 publications

References 58 publications

Plant invasion and speciation along elevational gradients on the oceanic island La Palma, Canary Islands

Plant invasion and speciation along elevational gradients on the oceanic island La Palma, Canary Islands

Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS): a proposal for the long-term coordinated survey and monitoring of native island forest biota

Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island

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