Climate-Smart Milk

Reay, Dave

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18206-9_5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The net effect globally remains highly uncertain, with wide variation in impacts likely between different regions and production systems. Adaptation will play a central role here in terms of buffering the impacts of climate change at local scales, such as through use of shading, ventilation and livestock management strategies in the case of extreme heat events [98].…”

Section: Future Prospects (A) Climate Change Impacts On Future Agricultural Methane Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural methane emissions and the potential formitigation

Smith

Reay

Smith

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Agriculture is the largest anthropogenic source of methane (CH 4 ), emitting 145 Tg CH 4 y −1 to the atmosphere in 2017. The main sources are enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation and residue burning. There is significant potential to reduce CH 4 from these sources, with bottom-up mitigation potentials of approximately 10.6, 10, 2 and 1 Tg CH 4 y −1 from rice management, enteric fermentation, manure management and residue burning. Other system-wide studies have assumed even higher potentials of 4.8–47.2 Tg CH 4 y −1 from reduced enteric fermentation, and 4–36 Tg CH 4 y −1 from improved rice management. Biogas (a methane-rich gas mixture generated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and used for energy) also has the potential to reduce unabated CH 4 emissions from animal manures and human waste. In addition to these supply side measures, interventions on the demand-side (shift to a plant-based diet and a reduction in total food loss and waste by 2050) would also significantly reduce methane emissions, perhaps in the order of greater than 50 Tg CH 4 y −1 . While there is a pressing need to reduce emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (CO 2 and N 2 O) due to their persistence in the atmosphere, despite CH 4 being a short-lived greenhouse gas, the urgency of reducing warming means we must reduce any GHG emissions we can as soon as possible. Because of this, mitigation actions should focus on reducing emissions of all the three main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, including CH 4 . This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part1)'.

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Section: Future Prospects (A) Climate Change Impacts On Future Agricultural Methane Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural methane emissions and the potential formitigation

Smith

Reay

Smith

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Similar to meat products, production of milk is also increasing globally. With a current average milk consumption of 100 kg per person per year (Reay and Reay, 2019), the projected increase in population will increase milk production as well. Each liter of fresh milk is equivalent to 3 kg of GHG emissions (Reay and Reay, 2019).…”

Section: The Potential and Challenges Of Increasing Food And Nutritiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Animal Husbandry With Crops and Trees

Lal

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Per capita intake of animal protein is expected to increase globally through 2050, and the rate of increase will be more in developing or emerging economies than in developed countries. Global meat consumption between 1980 and 2050 is projected to increase from 133 million to 452 million tons, and 86% (279 million tons) of the increase will occur in developing countries. Animal-based agricultural systems occupy 45% of the global land area and contribute a large proportion of agricultural emissions. In addition to being a major source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4), and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), livestock also use 8% of the global water withdrawal. The animal sector is dominated by resource-poor and small landholders of developing countries. Adverse effects of livestock on the environment are caused by the way animal husbandry is practiced, in no small part because animals are not integrated with other agricultural and forestry-based practices. Thus, improving and sustaining the livestock sector is critical to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, especially SDG #1 (No Poverty), SDG #2 (Zero Hunger), SDG #6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and SDG #13 (Climate Action). Separating raising of livestock from cultivating seasonal crops and perennial trees has decoupled the biogeochemical/biogeophysical cycling of carbon (C), water (H 2 O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S). This decoupling is a causative factor of the increase in emissions of N 2 O and CH 4 , eutrophication and contamination of water resources, degradation of rangelands, and decline in its biodiversity. Therefore, identifying and adopting systems that integrate livestock with crops and trees are critical for reducing the environmental footprint of animal-based dietary products. Incorporating pastures/forages in the rotation cycle along with controlled grazing, called ley farming, and agroforestry, such as alley cropping, are examples of integrated farming systems. Other strategies of reducing the environmental footprint comprise the following: reducing enteric fermentation by precision feeding and matching dietary protein to animal need, processing CH 4 and N 2 O emissions for other uses, and managing manure and other animal waste prudently. Other important considerations are adopting multiple GHG perspectives and minimizing gas swapping, reducing wastage of animal products, decreasing the use of antibiotics, and restoring rangeland for sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 as soil organic matter.

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Climate-Smart Milk

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Agricultural methane emissions and the potential formitigation

Agricultural methane emissions and the potential formitigation

Integrating Animal Husbandry With Crops and Trees

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