Climate signals derived from cell anatomy of Scots pine in NE Germany

Abstract

Tree-ring chronologies of Pinus sylvestris L. from latitudinal and altitudinal limits of the species distribution have been widely used for climate reconstructions, but there are many sites within the temperate climate zone, as is the case in northeastern Germany, at which there is little evidence of a clear climate signal in the chronologies. In this study, we developed long chronologies of several cell structure variables (e.g., average lumen area and cell wall thickness) from P. sylvestris growing in northeastern Germany and investigated the influence of climate on ring widths and cell structure variables. We found significant correlations between cell structure variables and temperature, and between tree-ring width and relative humidity and vapor pressure, respectively, enabling the development of robust reconstructions from temperate sites that have not yet been realized. Moreover, it has been shown that it may not be necessary to detrend chronologies of cell structure variables and thus low-frequency climate signals may be retrieved from longer cell structure chronologies. The relatively extensive resource of archaeological material of P. sylvestris covering approximately the last millennium may now be useful for climate reconstructions in northeastern Germany and other sites in the temperate climate zone.

The 443-Year Tree-Ring Chronology for the Scots Pine from Upper Silesia (Poland) as A Dating Tool and Climate Proxy

“…Because of the existing mixed dendroclimatic signal, which is characteristic to the trees outside the extreme locations (upper timberline, limit of species range), further investigations on wood anatomical features that may allow for a more precise distinction of rain and thermal signal, are therefore necessary. Similar studies of Liang et al, 2013 have showed significant correlations between cell structure variables and temperature in northeastern Germany, representing the temperate climate zone. Also Helama et al, 2014 have demonstrated the usefulness of microdensitometric measurements for reconstruction of summer temperatures (using MXD data) and precipitation in the early part of the growing season (using earlywood variation) in southern Finland.…”

Tree growth, cambial phenology, and wood anatomy of limber pine at a Great Basin (USA) mountain observatory

“…Physiological processes that determine intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) are also closely linked with climate variability, especially in relatively dry environments (Campelo et al 2013;de Luis et al 2011;Rozas et al 2011). Overall, intra-annual dynamics of tree-ring formation (Oberhuber et al 2014) and anatomical variables are increasingly being considered in dendroclimatic reconstruction to highlight climategrowth relationships on sub-monthly time scales (Liang et al 2013;Panyushkina et al 2003;Szymczak et al 2014).…”

Anatomical characteristics of xylem in tree rings and its relationship with environments

“…; 但随着树轮研究工 作的逐渐增多, 理想的树轮研究场所愈来愈少, 研 究工作不得不在一些响应不太敏感的非限制区开 展, 树轮研究遇到了前所未有的瓶颈 (Liang et al, (Campelo et al, 2010;Fonti et al, 2010;Abrantes et al, 2013;Liang et al, 2013;Venegas-González et al, 2015); 尤其是在非限制性地点, 木质部解剖特征具 有巨大的应用潜能 (Liang et al, 2013 (Fritts, 1976;Fonti et al, 2010;Liang et al, 2013) 部解剖特征被证实能够准确记录周边的环境变化且 具备气候重建的潜力 (February, 1994;Fonti et al, 2010;Abrantes et al, 2013;Liang et al, 2013;VenegasGonzález et al, 2015)。…”

“…"水分输导组织"为例 维管植物木质部的主要功能是输导水分与支撑 植物体 (Zimrnennann, 1983 (Wimmer, 2002;Giantomasi et al, 2009;Venegas-González et al, 2015)。管腔直径能够 直接影响木质部的导水能力, 根据哈根-泊肃叶定 Zimrnennann, 1983)。 土壤水分可利用性能够在年际或季节水平上 影响木材的形成 (Gruber et al, 2010;Eilmann et al, 2011;Vaganov et al, 2011;Wertz et al, 2013)。水分 胁迫(降水不足或高温)能通过多种途径直接或间接 地导致导管或管胞细胞变小或数量减小 (Eilmann et al, 2011;Vaganov et al, 2011), 如影响木质部同化 物的积累、控制细胞的分裂、扩大和分化等(图3) 宽度或密度等传统代用指标年表 (Fonti & García-González, 2004;Gea-Izquierdo et al, 2012;Fonti et al, 2013;Liang et al, 2013;Venegas-González et al, 2015), 尽管这些统计学参数并不代表年表记录环 境 信 息 的 强 弱 (Wimmer, 2002;Fonti & García-González, 2004;García-González & Fonti, 2008)。部 分年表质量统计特征已不太适合被用来描述细胞年 表质量 (Fonti & García-González, 2004;Giantomasi et al, 2009;Gričar et al, 2013;Venegas-González et al, 2015), 例如许多细胞年表样本总体代表性 ( & Fonti, 2006;Campelo et al, 2010;Fonti et al, 2010;Carrer et al, 2015), Fonti, 2006Fonti, , 2008。此外, 解剖 特征记录的气候信号还会因研究区域、树种、生境 或解剖特征的不同而不同 (Giantomasi et al, 2009;Matisons et al, 2012;Gričar et al, 2013;Liang et al, 2013;Martin-Benito et al, 2013;Castagneri et al, …”

“…是树轮解剖学研究中最传统的方法 (Fonti et al, 2010;Gärtner et al, 2014), 具有分辨率高、清晰度 好、切片便于携带保存且能制成连续切片等优点 (Fonti et al, 2010), 适用于小至细胞壁厚度、纹孔大 小及木纤维厚度等亚细胞特征的量化。 传统切片(微 生长芯)制备太过复杂, 严重制约了树轮解剖学的 发展 (Gärtner et al, 2014(Gärtner et al, , 2015 等。去趋势方法不同, 去趋势效果往往也不一样 Peters et al, 2015), 但无论采用 哪种方法都会在剔除干扰信号的同时, 损失部分低 频或高频的气候信号 (Peters et al, 2015), 例如Liang 等 (2013) Carrer et al, 2015;Peters et al, 2015), 故选用去趋 势函数对木质部解剖特征序列进行去趋势与标准化 时应谨慎 Peters et al, 2015)。另 Liang et al, 2013;Pritzkow et al, 2014;Carrer et al, 2015)。实际研究中尽可能多 Gea-Izquierdo et al, 2012;Gričar et al, 2013;Liang et al, 2013;Venegas-González et al, 2015 Suzuki et al, 1996;Schmitt et al, 2000), Gruber et al, 2010;Eilmann et al, 2011;Vaganov et al, 2011) , 如在不利 的水分条件下, 欧洲赤松细胞伸长与细胞壁加厚阶 段持续时间明显缩短, 木质部细胞活动提早结束约 4周, 致使窄轮发生 (Gruber et al, 2010); 而在灌溉 条件下, 欧洲赤松早晚材转变时间比干旱条件下推 迟2-4周, 细胞停止活动推迟约5周, 径向增量明显 高于干旱条件下的欧洲赤松 (Eilmann et al, 2011)。 针叶树管胞与阔叶树导管对水分环境响应策略一 样, 也遵循水力效率性和安全性的权衡(Zimrnennann, 1983Sperry et al, 2006)。 温度可通过影响多种生理过程直接或间接影响 木质部管胞特征(图3) (Vaganov et al, 2006(Vaganov et al, , 2011Novak et al, 2013); 其中最直接的影响就是通过控 制形成层活动调整树木的生长周期。生长季开始时, 外界环境温度的略微波动将导致形成层活动开始时 间发生明显改变 (Leikola, 1969) 树脂道与气候变化关系的研究相对较少 (Rigling et al, 2003;Wimmer & Grabner, 1997。Wimmer 和Grabner ( (Campelo et al, 2010;Liang et al, 2013;...…”