Climate Policy Based on the Paris Agreement

Bretschger, Lucas; Meulemann, Max; Stünzi, Anna

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10866-8

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…Various researchers have calculated optimal mitigation contributions based on equity principles [7][8][9] and argue that transparent and equity-based allocation of mitigation responsibilities may increase ambition [10]. However, there is little research offering guidance on how to allocate climate finance responsibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic climate finance allocation mechanism reflecting the Paris Agreement

Egli

Stünzi

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Reaching the goal of the Paris Agreement requires substantial investment. The developed country parties have agreed to provide USD$100 billion in climate finance annually from 2020 to 2025. Ongoing negotiations on post-2025 commitments are likely to exceed that sum and include a broader scope of parties. However, there is no guidance regarding the allocation of contributions. Here, we develop a dynamic mechanism based on two conventional pillars of a burden sharing mechanism: emission responsibility and ability to pay. The mechanism adds dynamic components that reflect the Paris principle to 'ratchet-up' ambition; it rewards countries with ambitious mitigation targets and relieves countries with a high degree of climate vulnerability. Including developed country parties only, we find that ten countries should bear 85% of climate finance contributions (65% if all parties to the Paris Agreement are included). In both scopes, increasing climate ambition is rewarded. If the EU increased its emission reduction target from 40% to 55% by 2030, member states could reduce their climate finance contributions by up to 3.3%. The proposed mechanism allows for an inclusion of sub-, supra-or non-state actors. For example, we find a contribution of USD$3.3 billion annually for conventionally excluded emissions from international aviation and shipping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic climate finance allocation mechanism reflecting the Paris Agreement

Egli

Stünzi

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Exploring perspectives in assessing the quality of governance of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) pilot project in Cambodia: Use of Q Methodology

Nhem

Lee²

2020

J. Mt. Sci.

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Forest income and inequality in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia: Gini decomposition analysis

Nhem

Lee

Phin

2018

Forest Science and Technology

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This study analyzed the distribution of forest income and other variable sources of rural household income and considered their importance for the reduction of income inequality and poverty. We employed Gini decomposition to measure the contribution of forest income and other sources of income to income equality and assess whether they were inequalityincreasing or inequality-decreasing in the 14 villages. The forest income Gini correlation with total income was very high, R k ¼ 0.6960, and the forest income share of total rural household income was 35% (S k ¼ 0.3570). If the income earned from forest activities was removed, the Gini index would increase by 10.3%. Thus, if people could not access forest resources because of vast deforestation, perhaps from the limitations of government-managed forestry, unplanned clearing of forest land for agriculture or the granting of ELCs, there would be an increase in income inequality and poverty among rural households. The findings suggest that policy makers should look beyond agriculture for rural development, as forest resources provide meaningful subsistence income and perhaps contribute to both preventing and reducing poverty and inequality in rural communities. The study found that non-farm activities were inequality-increasing sources of income. The share of non-farm income to the total rural household income was S k ¼ 0.1290 and the Gini index of non-farm income was very high, G k ¼ 0.8780, compared with forest and farm income. This disagrees with other studies which have reported that non-farm income was inequality-decreasing for the rural poor.

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Climate Policy Based on the Paris Agreement

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

A dynamic climate finance allocation mechanism reflecting the Paris Agreement

A dynamic climate finance allocation mechanism reflecting the Paris Agreement

Exploring perspectives in assessing the quality of governance of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) pilot project in Cambodia: Use of Q Methodology

Forest income and inequality in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia: Gini decomposition analysis

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