Climate of seed source affects susceptibility of coastal Douglas‐fir to foliage diseases

Wilhelmi, Nicholas P.; Shaw, David C.; Harrington, Constance A.; Clair, J. Bradley St.; Ganio, Lisa M.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.2011

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…Thus defoliation should be analysed from a genetic perspective. Also, cultural control efforts could produce a ‘seed source’ inside the study area to increase needle tolerance to SNC (Wilhelmi et al., 2017) that reduces defoliation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Swiss needle cast disease onPseudotsuga menziesiivar.glaucawithin a Christmas tree plantation in Mexico

et al. 2020

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Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii causes Swiss needle cast disease in Douglas‐fir forest trees and ornamental plantations. This study analysed disease and pathogen behaviour from summer 2011 to spring 2012. An untreated plot within a Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca plantation in Valle de Bravo, Mexico was divided into 12 sub‐plots. At each sampling date, needles were collected from four trees per sub‐plot. The analysis included seven needle age cohorts from branches from two canopy sections, as well as fallen needles from five random trees inside the entire plot. Airborne ascospores were collected weekly in slide traps. Sequencing identified the pathogen from DNA extracted from 18 mycelial colonies (isolates) and ascospores DNA from four selective slide traps. Disease and pathogen characteristics were mostly similar to other reports, except for ascospores inside pseudothecia on the youngest age class of foliage. Defoliation affected lower canopies frequently, while in the middle canopy it ranged from 6% to 98% depending on the needle age. In fallen needles, mature pseudothecia contained ascospores and isolated colonies developed in an agar‐based medium. Ascospore fluctuation peaked in two periods, but the most relevant occurred from 11 February to 17 March 2012, coinciding with bud break. These results contribute further understanding of SNC disease useful in improving the health of Christmas trees and the less‐studied P. menziesii var. glauca.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Swiss needle cast disease onPseudotsuga menziesiivar.glaucawithin a Christmas tree plantation in Mexico

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies of genetic differentiation in coastal Douglas-fir found very low F ST values ranging between 0.006 and 0.071 [14, 37, 38]. Additionally, Wilhelmi et al [39] found differences in needle retention between provenances and concluded that provenances originating from areas of higher foliar disease pressure are more resistant. It can be therefore assumed that these traits are contributing to local adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of population structure through contemporary groups in genetic evaluation

et al. 2019

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BackgroundForest trees can occupy extensive geography and environmentally highly variable areas which result in high genetic variability in the direction of pressure from natural selection. At the same time, the majority of conifer species are wind-pollinated from both short and long distances, resulting in wide-spread gene flow, which can lead to maladaptation to local conditions. Quantitative analyses of provenance/progeny tests correct for genetic differences between populations to ensure unbiased genetic parameters are obtained. Commonly, the provenance effect is fitted as a fixed term or can be implemented as a contemporary group in the pedigree.ResultsThe use of a provenance effect, either as a fixed term or as the same contemporary groups in both maternal and paternal sides of the pedigree, resulted in fairly similar precision of genetic parameters in our case. However, when we developed a phantom contemporary group for the paternal side of the pedigree that considered a different genetic quality of pollen compared with the maternal contribution from trees in the local environment, the model fit and accuracy of breeding values increased.ConclusionConsideration of the mating dynamics and the vector of gene flow are important factors in modelling contemporary genetic groups, particularly when implementing pedigrees within a mixed model framework to obtain unbiased estimates of genetic parameters. This approach is especially important in traits involved in local adaptation.

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“…In western Oregon, winter temperature influences disease severity at a range of spatial and temporal scales (Manter et al, 2005;Stone et al, 2008a,b;Zhao et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2013Lee et al, , 2017Wilhelmi et al, 2017). Leaf canopy temperature may be a key predictor of variations in N. gaeumannii density within the canopy of mature Douglas-fir.…”

Section: Patterns Within Mature Tree Crownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of a Foliage Disease Fungus Within Canopies of Mature Douglas-Fir in Western Oregon

Lan

Shaw

Lee

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii is a common native, endophytic fungus of Douglas-fir foliage, which causes Swiss needle cast, an important foliage disease that is considered a threat to Douglas-fir plantations in Oregon. Disease expression is influenced by fungal fruiting bodies (pseudothecia), which plug the stomata and inhibit gas exchange. Trees are impacted when pseudothecia plug stomates on 1-year-old and older needles resulting in early needle abscission. Mature (100 years+) trees appear to be less impacted from disease, and we hypothesize this is due to the greater emergence of pseudothecia on older than younger needles, which allows for more needle retention. We measured the density of pseudothecia occluding stomates across 2- to 5-year-old needles from upper, middle, and lower canopy positions of mature trees at three sites in the Oregon Coast Range and two sites in the western Oregon Cascade Mountains. Binomial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to test for the effects of canopy position (upper, middle, and lower), sites, needle age (2–5 years old), and years (2016 and 2017), and their interactions on the pseudothecia density. Pseudothecia density varied annually depending on sites, needle age and canopy positions. Pseudothecia density peaked on 3-, and 4-year-old needles, however, needles emerging from the same year, like 2-year-old needles in 2016 and 3-year-old needles in 2017 both emerged in 2014, had consistently similar patterns of pseudothecia density for both years, across site and canopy positions. Canopy position was important for 3-, and 4-year-old needles, showing less pseudothecia in the lower canopy. This research confirms that N. gaeumannii pseudothecia density is greatest in 3- and 4-year old needles in mature trees in contrast to plantations where pseudothecia density usually peaks on 2-year-old needles, and that pseudothecia density (disease severity) is generally lower in mature trees. Something about mature forest canopies and foliage appears to increase the time it takes for pseudothecia to emerge from the needles, in contrast to younger plantations, thus allowing the mature trees to have greater needle retention.

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Climate of seed source affects susceptibility of coastal Douglas‐fir to foliage diseases

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Analysis of Swiss needle cast disease onPseudotsuga menziesiivar.glaucawithin a Christmas tree plantation in Mexico

Analysis of Swiss needle cast disease onPseudotsuga menziesiivar.glaucawithin a Christmas tree plantation in Mexico

Modelling of population structure through contemporary groups in genetic evaluation

Distribution of a Foliage Disease Fungus Within Canopies of Mature Douglas-Fir in Western Oregon

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