Climate indicators for lightning over sea, sea–land mixed and land‐only surfaces in India

Chate, D. M.; Tinmaker, M. I. R.; Aslam, Mohammad; Ghude, Sachin D.

doi:10.1002/joc.4802

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Previous studies have employed several metrics to quantify lightning activity, including thunderstorm duration, thunder days, flash radiance (Chronis and Koshak, ), flash counts (Kotroni and Lagouvardos, ; Chate et al ., ), flash density (Dowdy, ) and flash rate density (Cecil et al ., ; Albrecht et al ., ), among others. A cursory search of literature reveals that flash counts and flash rate density are two of the most popular metrics for measuring lightning activity.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Extensive studies were carried out in the past on monsoon‐dominated regions of Asia to understand spatio‐temporal variation and factors governing lightning using both ground‐based and satellite‐derived data. Factors studied include meteorological factors (Zheng et al ., ; Chate et al ., ; Saha et al ., ); latitudinal variation (Revadekar et al ., ); environmental pollution (Siingh et al ., ; Kumar et al ., ; Saha et al ., ); effect of ENSO (Yuan et al ., ); precipitation (Kodama et al ., ); and climate warming (Kandalgaonkar et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Chate et al . () showed that the total heat flux is the single best parameter to explain lightning flash counts over Indian land whereas, for seas, cloud‐base height can be an indicator of lightning. Lal and Pawar () observed that rainfall and lightning are well‐correlated during pre‐monsoon season but the relationship weakens during monsoon in central India which was attributed to cloud‐base height and aerosol concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Lightning activity associated with precipitation and CAPE over Bangladesh

Dewan

Ongee

Rafiuddin

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Satellite‐derived lightning data for 17 years (1998–2014) were used to evaluate the relation between environmental factors and lightning activity over the Bangladesh landmass. Time series convective available potential energy (CAPE) data were extracted from ERA‐40 reanalysis data while total and convective rainfalls were obtained from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's monthly products. In addition, the product of CAPE and precipitation was computed and used as an additional variable. Three timescales – monthly, seasonal and annual – were utilized to determine the influence of precipitation and CAPE on lightning activity. The results indicated that CAPE stands out as an important variable at all of these timescales for predicting the occurrence of lightning. The correlation coefficient (r) between CAPE and lightning activity was found to be 0.902 (monthly), 0.703 (pre‐monsoon), 0.550 (monsoon) and 0.702 (annual), respectively. Total rain showed strong positive correlation with lightning on monthly scale (r = 0.734) and in the pre‐monsoon season (r = 0.701). However, such relationship was moderate during monsoon (r = 0.455). In contrast, convective rain showed slightly higher correlation during monsoon (r = 0.587) compared with that of pre‐monsoon season (r = 0.532). Because of strong seasonality in the data, convective rain did not exhibit strong relationship on annual scale (r = 0.227). The product variable (e.g. CAPE × precipitation) showed significant correlation on monthly (r = 0.895) and seasonal scales (r = 0.818 during pre‐monsoon and 0.686 in monsoon) but its influence appears to diminish on a longer timescale (r = 0.375). Spatial maps of correlation coefficient revealed significant positive correlation along relatively drier northern parts of Bangladesh. As lightning‐related fatality is on the rise, this study, first of its kind, is expected to inform public policy and provide information necessary for effective management of this atmospheric phenomenon to save lives and property in Bangladesh.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lightning activity associated with precipitation and CAPE over Bangladesh

Dewan

Ongee

Rafiuddin

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…These studies significantly add not only in understanding the spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity in particular area of investigation (Lal and Pawar, 2009; Ramesh Kumar and Kamra, 2010; Tinmaker et al ., 2010, 2014, 2015; Tinmaker and Ali, 2012; Siingh et al ., 2014; Lal et al ., 2018; Mushtaq et al ., 2018) but also over the whole Indian region (Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2003; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2005; Yoshida et al ., 2007, Ranalkar and Chaudhari (2009); Murugavel et al ., 2014; Chate et al ., 2017; Nath et al ., 2009; Tinmaker et al ., 2019). In addition, these studies deal with some particular features such as the land‐ocean contrast (Nath et al ., 2009; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2010a; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2010b; Chate et al ., 2017), asymmetry in eastern and western parts of India (Nath et al ., 2009; Tinmaker and Chate, 2013), effect of El‐Nino and La‐Nina events (Siingh et al ., 2017; Saha et al ., 2017a; Tinmaker et al ., 2017a, 2017b; Saha et al ., 2017b) on the lightning activity and its temporal distribution in tropical cyclones over north Indian Ocean (Ranalkar et al ., 2017). Most of these localized case studies suggest that a relationship exists between the lightning flash rate and meteorological parameters, which govern the formation and development of storms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variability in lightning activity over South Asia

Kamra

Kumar

2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The regional variability of lightning activity over 10 different regions, selected with at least one major meteorological/topographical feature, of South Asia (8 N-36 N, 90 E-100 E) have been examined on all time scales from the data obtained from July 1995 to December 2013 from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. A comparative study of the correlation coefficients calculated between lightning flash rate and convective parameters, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and topography for different regions is carried out. Impact of the progress of the Asian Monsoon on the spatio-temporal variability of flash rate is also examined. Monthly-averaged variations are annual at the regions >2,700 m in altitude and are semi-annual at the regions <2,700 m in altitude. The annually averaged flash rates increase during the study period in most of the regions. However, such long-term changes are nonlinearly related to the change in convective parameters and AOD and such interrelationships differ from one meteorological region to another. Small changes in AOD in high altitude regions are associated with very large changes in the surface temperature and flash rate. The flash rate is strongly correlated with surface temperature in the dry region of the northwest but with CAPE in moist region of the northeast. Progress of the Asian monsoon strongly impacts the flash rate in different regions. Ratio of the amplitudes of primary to secondary maxima at land stations increases with latitude in case of the monthly-averaged variations in flash rate. The primary maxima in these variations are highly correlated with the atmospheric surface temperature. However, the secondary maxima are associated with the low-level convergence during the withdrawal phase of the monsoon. Incursion of moisture by the Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon current determines the sequence of occurrence of lightning activity in different regions along the Himalayan foothills and northwest .

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“…Also, over the Indian region, attempts have been made to understand relation of thunderstorms to wet bulb temperature [17] [18] [19] [20], lightningrainfall relationship [21] and also, thunderstorm climatology [22]. The analysis of satellite data in this study focuses on the association of rainfall and stability index with lightning parameter over the hot spot region of Indo-Gangetic Plains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Rainfall and Stability Index with Lightning Parameter over the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Tinmaker¹,

Aslam²,

Chate³

2017

AJCC

Self Cite

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The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) based satellite lightning grid data for 10 year period (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) were used to study the association of rainfall and stability index with lightning parameter over Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) region. The spatial variation of flash rate density (FRD) is found to be (40 fl·km −2 ·yr −1 ) higher over northern region of IGP as compare to that of eastern IGP region. The annual variation of FRD exhibits bimodal distributions, while the precipitation rate shows unimodal distributions. The results show that the FRD peaked 2 months (premonsoon) in advance to the monsoon months where rainfall peak occurred due to environmental lapse rates more than 7.0ºC/km during pre-monsoon which is evident from the temperature profile for correlation coefficient between temperature (700 mb) and FRD with coefficient of 0.70, p ≤ 0.0001 during pre-monsoon.The annual variation of lifted index show negative value over March to September due to intense insolation, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and also availability of moisture. The convective cloud transform into thundercloud with the development of mixed-phase (cloud water + ice) which subsequently produce the lightning. During monsoon, seasonal thermal heating diminishes and even on revival after break monsoon period, K-index is found to be less as the orography does not allow the highly moist air of low temperature to reach to large height above freezing level. They can be referred as maritime clouds of intermediate height with moderate updraft and hence minimum lightning activity during the monsoon season. Lifted index are proved to be indicators of thunderstorm conditions. This is because that rising air parcel is much warmer than its surroundings and can accelerate rapidly and create severe thunderstorms.

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Climate indicators for lightning over sea, sea–land mixed and land‐only surfaces in India

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Lightning activity associated with precipitation and CAPE over Bangladesh

Lightning activity associated with precipitation and CAPE over Bangladesh

Regional variability in lightning activity over South Asia

Association of Rainfall and Stability Index with Lightning Parameter over the Indo-Gangetic Plains

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