Climate Impact of Willow Grown for Bioenergy in Sweden

Hammar, Torun; Ericsson, Niclas; Sundberg, Cecilia; Hansson, Per‐Anders

doi:10.1007/s12155-014-9490-0

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…There are still uncertainties about which further factors control the N 2 O emission within perennial crops. As reported for CH 4 [55], soil moisture may also play a role in the emission of N 2 O in energy crops, which however was not the focus of this study. But it could be shown that N 2 O emissions were positively influenced by the number of weeks after planting in the 1st rotation period and harvesting in the 2nd and 3rd rotation periods, respectively.…”

Section: Driving Forces Of Ghg Emissions In Srcmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In spring and autumn, five soil cores (volumetric sampling) were taken from each subplot and analysed for pH, C t , total nitrogen (N t ), and the extractable potassium (K CAL ), phosphorus (P CAL ) and nitrogen (N min ) in the soil layers 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. N min (NH 4 + and NO 3 − ) was extracted from 50 g fresh soil in 200 ml of 0.0125 M CaCl 2 . Ammonium and NO 3 − from the extracts were measured colorimetrically using the CFA SAN-SYSTEM (Skalar).…”

Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Paris climate summit in December 2015, international consensus exists on the need to limit the global increase in temperature to 1.5-2.0°C and to achieve climate neutrality in the second half of this century [2]. One suitable strategy for mitigating the accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere may be the production and use of energy from biomass produced in silvicultural and agricultural sites [3,4] in combination with the build-up of stable carbon pools in the soil [5,6]. Most promising biomass yields are expected from wood production via short rotation coppices (SRC) on nutrient-enriched arable land [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

et al. 2017

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A short rotation coppice (SRC) with poplar was established in a randomised fertilisation experiment on sandy loam soil in Potsdam (Northeast Germany). The main objective of this study was to assess if negative environmental effects as nitrogen leaching and greenhouse gas emissions are enhanced by mineral nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to poplar at rates of 0, 50 and 75 kg N ha −1 year −1 and how these effects are influenced by tree age with increasing number of rotation periods and cycles of organic matter decomposition and tree growth after each harvesting event. Between 2008 and 2012, the leaching of nitrate (NO 3 − ) was monitored with self-integrating accumulators over 6-month periods and the emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were determined in closed gas chambers. During the first 4 years of the poplar SRC, most nitrogen was lost through NO 3 − leaching from the main root zone; however, there was no significant relationship to the rate of N fertilisation. On average, 5.8 kg N ha −1 year −1 (13.0 kg CO 2equ ) was leached from the root zone. Nitrogen leaching rates decreased in the course of the 4-year study parallel to an increase of the fine root biomass and the degree of mycorrhization. In contrast to N leaching, the loss of nitrogen by N 2 O emissions from the soil was very low with an average of 0.61 kg N ha −1 year −1 (182 kg CO 2equ ) and were also not affected by N fertilisation over the whole study period. Real CO 2 emissions from the poplar soil were two orders of magnitude higher ranging between 15,122 and 19,091 kg CO 2 ha −1 year −1 and followed the rotation period with enhanced emission rates in the years of harvest. As key-factors for NO 3 − leaching and N 2 O emissions, the time after planting and after harvest and the rotation period have been identified by a mixed effects model.

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Section: Driving Forces Of Ghg Emissions In Srcmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

et al. 2017

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“…In particular, the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and the CO 2 fluxes between soil, biomass and atmosphere have been shown to highly influence the result [23,20,[24][25][26][27]. To model the forest carbon balance, process-based models were used in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dynamic Effects on the Global Temperature When Harvesting Logging Residues for Bioenergy

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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The climate mitigation potential of using logging residues (tree tops and branches) for bioenergy has been debated. In this study, a time-dependent life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed using a single-stand perspective. Three forest stands located in different Swedish climate zones were studied in order to assess the global temperature change when using logging residues for producing district heating. These systems were compared with two fossil reference systems in which the logging residues were assumed to remain in the forest to decompose over time, while coal or natural gas was used for energy. The results showed that replacing coal with logging residues gave a direct climate benefit from a single-stand perspective, while replacing natural gas gave a delayed climate benefit of around 8-12 years depending on climate zone. A sensitivity analysis showed that the time was strongly dependent on the assumptions for extraction and combustion of natural gas. The LCA showed that from a single-stand perspective, harvesting logging residues for bioenergy in the south of Sweden would give the highest temperature change mitigation potential per energy unit. However, the differences between the three climate zones studied per energy unit were relatively small. On a hectare basis, the southern forest stand would generate more biomass compared to the central and northern locations, which thereby could replace more fossil fuel and give larger climate benefits.

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“…In this context, SRICs of willows could partly replace the use of fossil fuel for heat production. Short-rotation intensive cultures of willows also display a high potential to accumulate carbon (C) in soil, thereby offsetting the use of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions [7,8]. Studies that investigated the potential of SRICs of willows to accumulate soil C in the form of organic matter (OM) have resulted with contradictory results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Carbon Accumulation in Topsoil Following Afforestation with Willow: Emphasis on Leaf Litter Decomposition and Soil Organic Matter Quality

Lafleur

Labrecque

Arnold

et al. 2015

Forests

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Short-rotation intensive cultures (SRICs) of willows can potentially sequester carbon (C) in soil. However, there is limited information regarding the factors governing soil organic C (Corg) accumulation following afforestation. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine whether willow leads to Corg accumulation in the topsoil (0-10 cm) two to six years after establishment in five SRICs located along a large climatic/productivity gradient in southern Quebec, and (ii) assess the influence of leaf litter decomposition and soil organic matter (OM) quality on Corg accumulation in the topsoil. Topsoil Corg concentrations and pools under SRICs were, on average, 25% greater than reference fields, and alkyls concentrations were higher under SRICs. On an annualized basis, Corg accumulation rates in the topsoil varied between 0.4 and 4.5 Mg ha −1 yr −1 .Estimated annual litterfall C fluxes were in the same order of magnitude, suggesting that SRICs can accumulate Corg in the topsoil during early years due to high growth rates. Leaf litter decomposition was also related to Corg accumulation rates in the topsoil. It was positively correlated to growing season length, degree-days, and growing season average OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 770 air and topsoil temperature (r > 0.70), and negatively correlated to topsoil volumetric water content (r = −0.55). Leaf litter decomposition likely occurred more quickly than that of plants in reference fields, and as it progressed, OM became more decay resistant, more stable and accumulated as Corg in the topsoil.

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Climate Impact of Willow Grown for Bioenergy in Sweden

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

Time-Dynamic Effects on the Global Temperature When Harvesting Logging Residues for Bioenergy

Organic Carbon Accumulation in Topsoil Following Afforestation with Willow: Emphasis on Leaf Litter Decomposition and Soil Organic Matter Quality

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