Climate Gradients, Climate Change, and Special Edaphic Floras

Harrison, Susan; Damschen, Ellen I.; Going, Barbara M.

doi:10.1656/045.016.0510

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recently, there has been much interest in examining how edaphic factors will interact with climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) in generating and maintaining patterns of edaphic endemism (Harrison et al 2009;. Experimental evidence is limited (Anacker 2014), but is required to determine the mechanistic basis for how climate can influence edaphic restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conceptual model of climate-edaphic influences on the future of edaphic floras (Harrison et al 2009) predicts that, in regions where climate becomes warmer and wetter, serpentine endemics will be outcompeted by soil generalists. In this scenario, endemics will be restricted to the 'harshest' serpentine soils and become less common; this is clearly possible in the case of the Alyssum congeners we studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How plant species in special edaphic situations (including serpentine soils) will be affected by human-caused changes is not known and is under active investigation (Harrison et al 2009;Fernandez-Going 2014). As summarised by Damschen et al (2012), climate change, including changes in temperature and precipitation, may have relatively pronounced effects on serpentine-endemic plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium : magnesium ratio affects environmental stress sensitivity in the serpentine-endemic Alyssum inflatum (Brassicaceae)

et al. 2015

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Plants endemic to serpentine soils are adapted to harsh environmental conditions typical of those soils, particularly, low (<1) calcium (Ca) : magnesium (Mg) ratios. We compared survival of two perennial Alyssum species native to Iran under experimental manipulations of Ca : Mg ratio, including when Ca : Mg ratio was varied under conditions of high ammonium concentration and heat stress. Alyssum inflatum is a serpentine endemic capable of nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulation, whereas A. lanceolatum is found on non-serpentine soils and is not known to hyperaccumulate Ni. We grew plants of both species under four Ca : Mg ratios (0.4, 2, 20, 40) and tested survival when plants were exposed to elevated ammonium levels (0, 1 and 4 mM) and heat stress (control conditions vs a 5-h 36 C treatment daily for 5 days). Alyssum lanceolatum was more tolerant of Ca : Mg ratio variation (100% survival in all treatments), whereas A. inflatum survival was maximum at Ca : Mg = 2, reduced at Ca : Mg = 0.4, and very low for Ca : Mg ratios of 20 and 40. Alyssum lanceolatum also tolerated ammonium and heat stress, whereas survival of A. inflatum declined at higher Ca : Mg ratios when subjected to both stresses. We conclude that at higher Ca : Mg ratios, the serpentine endemic has reduced tolerance for these environmental stresses and may be more susceptible to human-driven climate change-associated stressors than the non-serpentine species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium : magnesium ratio affects environmental stress sensitivity in the serpentine-endemic Alyssum inflatum (Brassicaceae)

et al. 2015

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“…Contrary to halophytes, gypsophytes do not share common physiological syndromes, a fact that seems to support the latter interpretation. A number of studies (Mota et al ., , ) have claimed that gypsophytes, rather than being habitat specialists, are competition avoiders, a strategy already observed in endemic plants growing on serpentine soils (Harrison, Damschen & Going, ; Anacker et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genetic diversity, genetic structure and phylogeography of the Iberian endemicGypsophila struthium(Caryophyllaceae) as revealed by AFLP and plastid DNA sequences: connecting habitat fragmentation and diversification

et al. 2013

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Iberian gypsum outcrops are highly fragmented and ecologically challenging environments for plant colonization. As gypsophytes occur exclusively in such habitats, they are ideal models for the study of both the effects of habitat fragmentation and selection on population genetic diversity and structure. In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and plastid DNA sequences to investigate the phylogeographical history of the Iberian plant Gypsophila struthium (Caryophyllaceae), a widespread endemic restricted to Iberian gypsum outcrops. Gypsophila struthium consists of two subspecies that differ in the architecture of their inflorescence and have mostly allopatric ranges. Gypsophila struthium subsp. struthium occurs in central, eastern and south‐eastern Iberia, whereas G. struthium subsp. hispanica occurs in northern and eastern areas. AFLPs revealed low but significant genetic differentiation between the subspecies, probably as a result of a recent diversification during the Pliocene–Pleistocene. In the geographical contact zone between the taxa, the Bayesian analyses revealed populations with mixed ancestries and genetic clusters predominantly of one or the other subspecies, indicating incomplete reproductive barriers between them. Plastid DNA haplotypes revealed strong geographical structure and testified to processes of isolation by distance and continuous range expansion for some haplotype clades. The Bayesian analyses of the population structure of AFLP data and nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA) of plastid haplotypes revealed that the putative ancestral range corresponded to central and eastern populations of G. struthium subsp. struthium, with those lineages contributing through more recent expansion to increased genetic diversity and structure of the south‐eastern and eastern ranges of this subspecies and to the diversification of G. struthium subsp. hispanica in northern and eastern gypsum outcrops. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173, 654–675.

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“…As their niches are defined more by soils than climate, they are likely to remain the best competitors on restrictive soils under a wide range of conditions. In fact, the degree of edaphic restriction exhibited by a species often varies with climate: populations may be widespread in environments with low competition and edaphically restricted in more favourable climates (Brooks 1987; Harrison et al. 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent vicariance and the origin of the rare, edaphically specialized Sandhills lily, Lilium pyrophilum (Liliaceae): evidence from phylogenetic and coalescent analyses

et al. 2011

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Establishing the phylogenetic and demographic history of rare plants improves our understanding of mechanisms that have led to their origin and can lead to valuable insights that inform conservation decisions. The Atlantic coastal plain of eastern North America harbours many rare and endemic species, yet their evolution is poorly understood. We investigate the rare Sandhills lily (Lilium pyrophilum), which is endemic to seepage slopes in a restricted area of the Atlantic coastal plain of eastern North America. Using phylogenetic evidence from chloroplast, nuclear internal transcribed spacer and two low-copy nuclear genes, we establish a close relationship between L. pyrophilum and the widespread Turk's cap lily, L. superbum. Isolation-with-migration and coalescent simulation analyses suggest that (i) the divergence between these two species falls in the late Pleistocene or Holocene and almost certainly post-dates the establishment of the edaphic conditions to which L. pyrophilum is presently restricted, (ii) vicariance is responsible for the present range disjunction between the two species, and that subsequent gene flow has been asymmetrical and (iii) L. pyrophilum harbours substantial genetic diversity in spite of its present rarity. This system provides an example of the role of edaphic specialization and climate change in promoting diversification in the Atlantic coastal plain.

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Climate Gradients, Climate Change, and Special Edaphic Floras

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Calcium : magnesium ratio affects environmental stress sensitivity in the serpentine-endemic Alyssum inflatum (Brassicaceae)

Calcium : magnesium ratio affects environmental stress sensitivity in the serpentine-endemic Alyssum inflatum (Brassicaceae)

Genetic diversity, genetic structure and phylogeography of the Iberian endemicGypsophila struthium(Caryophyllaceae) as revealed by AFLP and plastid DNA sequences: connecting habitat fragmentation and diversification

Recent vicariance and the origin of the rare, edaphically specialized Sandhills lily, Lilium pyrophilum (Liliaceae): evidence from phylogenetic and coalescent analyses

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