Climate-driven range expansion of the red-tide dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans into the Southern Ocean

McLeod, David J.; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M.; Hosie, Graham W.; Richardson, Anthony J.

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbr112

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The southward movement of the westerly wind belt has also increased the penetration of sub-tropical waters into the SAZ; supplementing iron supply, exacerbating warming, and intensifying climate-induced stratification (Lovenduski and Gruber, 2005;Poloczanska et al, 2007;Ridgway, 2007). Warmer waters also allow the incursion of sub-tropical phytoplankton and grazers into SAZ waters, causing additional grazing competition and unknown effects on the SO food web (McLeod et al, 2012).…”

Section: Sub-antarctic Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate

2017

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Phytoplankton are the base of the Antarctic food web, sustain the wealth and diversity of life for which Antarctica is renowned, and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles that mediate global climate. Over the vast expanse of the Southern Ocean (SO), the climate is variously predicted to experience increased warming, strengthening wind, acidification, shallowing mixed layer depths, increased light (and UV), changes in upwelling and nutrient replenishment, declining sea ice, reduced salinity, and the southward migration of ocean fronts. These changes are expected to alter the structure and function of phytoplankton communities in the SO. The diverse environments contained within the vast expanse of the SO will be impacted differently by climate change; causing the identity and the magnitude of environmental factors driving biotic change to vary within and among bioregions. Predicting the net effect of multiple climate-induced stressors over a range of environments is complex. Yet understanding the response of SO phytoplankton to climate change is vital if we are to predict the future state/s of the ecosystem, estimate the impacts on fisheries and endangered species, and accurately predict the effects of physical and biotic change in the SO on global climate. This review looks at the major environmental factors that define the structure and function of phytoplankton communities in the SO, examines the forecast changes in the SO environment, predicts the likely effect of these changes on phytoplankton, and considers the ramifications for trophodynamics and feedbacks to global climate change. Predictions strongly suggest that all regions of the SO will experience changes in phytoplankton productivity and community composition with climate change. The nature, and even the sign, of these changes varies within and among regions and will depend upon the magnitude and sequence in which these environmental changes are imposed. It is likely that predicted changes to phytoplankton communities will affect SO biogeochemistry, carbon export, and nutrition for higher trophic levels.

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Section: Sub-antarctic Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate

2017

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“…Changes in the microbial community are difficult to quantify against a high background of temporal and spatial variability, but evidence indicates that dinoflagellate (Hallegraeff, 2010;McLeod et al, 2012) and Emiliania huxleyi (Cubillos et al, 2007) distributions are migrating poleward. Similarly, increased precipitation and glacial melt from warmer temperatures reportedly favours dominance of cryptophytes over diatoms in Antarctic coastal waters (Moline and Prézelin, 1996;Moline et al, 2004).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

115

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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“…In different studies of plankton involving the CPR, the diversity and abundance have presented high confidence in time series analyses for monitoring climate change in the North Atlantic (Edwards et al, 2010;Mcleod et al, 2012). In addition, plankton is currently the only group to have been monitored continuously since the 1940s, and multi-decadal analyses have already been established, due to the quantity and robustness of the data collected by this method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first continuous plankton sampling by VOR (Towed Oceanographic Vehicle) in southeastern and southern Brazil waters

Tamanaha¹,

Cunha²,

Resgalla³

2016

lajar

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Plankton sampling with the Continuous Plankton Sampling survey has been conducted since 1938 in the Northern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea, where in both cases historical records have documented climate change. Plankton sampling with the VOR (Towed Oceanographic Vehicle) on industrial fishing boats was performed in May-June of 2013 off the southeastern and southern coasts of Brazil (between 23º00`S-44º21`W and 31º15`S-50º06`W). The speed of VOR towing onboard the fishing vessels was 8-10 knots to 10-12 m of depth. The size of mesh silk used was 250-270 μm. The total of taxa is 73 phytoplankton, 26 zooplankton, 10 protozooplankton (Ciliophora) and ichityoplankton (fish eggs) were recorded. The dominant phytoplankton groups detected were diatoms and dinoflagellates, although cyanobacteria were also abundant in the southeast region. The zooplankton with a size class of less than 2 mm was the most frequent. A positive correlation was observed between herbivorous zooplankton and phytoplankton in the coastal waters. Keywords: continental shelf, ship of opportunity, VOR, plankton, Brazil. Primer muestreo continuo de plancton con VOR (Vehículo OceanográficoRemolcado) en aguas del sureste y sur de Brasil RESUMEN: El muestreo de plancton con el Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) se ha efectuado desde el año 1938 en el Océano Atlántico Norte y Mar del Norte, donde en ambos casos el registro histórico ha documentado el cambio climático. El muestreo de plancton con el VOR (Vehículo Oceanográfico de Remolque), empleado por la flota pesquera industrial se efectuó en mayo-junio de 2013 en la costa sur y sureste de Brasil (23º00`S-44º21`W y 31º15`S-50º06`W). La velocidad de arrastre del VOR, utilizada por las embarcaciones pesqueras fue de 8-10 nudos a 10-12 m de profundidad, utilizando un tamaño de red de 250-270 µm. Se registró un total de 73 taxa de fitoplancton, 26 de zooplancton, 10 de protozoarios e ictioplancton (huevos de peces). Los grupos dominantes de fitoplancton fueron diatomeas y dinoflagelados, aunque las cianobacterias fueron también abundantes en la región sudeste. El zooplancton con un tamaño de clase <2 mm fue el más frecuente. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el zooplancton herbívoro y fitoplancton en aguas costeras. Palabras clave: plataforma continental, barco de oportunidad, VOR, plancton, Brasil.

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Climate-driven range expansion of the red-tide dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans into the Southern Ocean

Cited by 72 publications

References 15 publications

Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate

Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

The first continuous plankton sampling by VOR (Towed Oceanographic Vehicle) in southeastern and southern Brazil waters

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