Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities

Frainer, André; Primicerio, Raul; Kortsch, Susanne; Aune, Magnus; Dolgov, Andrey V.; Fossheim, Maria; Aschan, Michaela

doi:10.1073/pnas.1706080114

Cited by 227 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Grid cells along the West Greenland continental shelf have been masked due to a lower number of tagging locations in these areas than in Canadian waters resulting in less confidence in identifying hotspots and coldspots The most pervasive threat to the Arctic and its wildlife is climate change, where decreases in the body condition of marine mammals and seabirds (Harwood, Smith, George, et al, 2015;Sciullo, Thiemann, & Lunn, 2016) have been observed in association with changing sea ice conditions. A warming Arctic is redistributing species with more temperate-associated species expanding their range northwards, which has changed the trophic structure of the Arctic ecosystem Frainer et al, 2017;Kortsch, Primicerio, Fossheim, Dolgov, & Aschan, 2015;Yurkowski et al, 2017). Furthermore, interest in expanding fisheries exploitation of coastal and offshore waters within EEZs of Arctic nations is high (Christiansen, Mecklenburg, & Karamushko, 2014), which can increase risks of entanglement and bycatch mortality, a global cumulative threat to marine megafauna (Lewison et al, 2014) that can lead to trophic downgrading (Estes et al, 2011).…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and species diversity hotspots of tracked marine predators across the North American Arctic

Yurkowski

Auger‐Méthé

Mallory

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Climate change is altering marine ecosystems worldwide and is most pronounced in the Arctic. Economic development is increasing leading to more disturbances and pressures on Arctic wildlife. Identifying areas that support higher levels of predator abundance and biodiversity is important for the implementation of targeted conservation measures across the Arctic. Location Primarily Canadian Arctic marine waters but also parts of the United States, Greenland and Russia. Methods We compiled the largest data set of existing telemetry data for marine predators in the North American Arctic consisting of 1,283 individuals from 21 species. Data were arranged into four species groups: (a) cetaceans and pinnipeds, (b) polar bears Ursus maritimus (c) seabirds, and (d) fishes to address the following objectives: (a) to identify abundance hotspots for each species group in the summer–autumn and winter–spring; (b) to identify species diversity hotspots across all species groups and extent of overlap with exclusive economic zones; and (c) to perform a gap analysis that assesses amount of overlap between species diversity hotspots with existing protected areas. Results Abundance and species diversity hotpots during summer–autumn and winter–spring were identified in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Amundsen Gulf, and the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering seas both within and across species groups. Abundance and species diversity hotpots occurred within the continental slope in summer–autumn and offshore in areas of moving pack ice in winter–spring. Gap analysis revealed that the current level of conservation protection that overlaps species diversity hotspots is low covering only 5% (77,498 km2) in summer–autumn and 7% (83,202 km2) in winter–spring. Main conclusions We identified several areas of potential importance for Arctic marine predators that could provide policymakers with a starting point for conservation measures given the multitude of threats facing the Arctic. These results are relevant to multilevel and multinational governance to protect this vulnerable ecosystem in our rapidly changing world.

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Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and species diversity hotspots of tracked marine predators across the North American Arctic

Yurkowski

Auger‐Méthé

Mallory

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Evaluating the spatial and temporal dynamics of fish communities is crucial for understanding and predicting the impacts of global environmental change on marine ecosystem functioning and services (Frainer et al, ; Givan, Edelist, Sonin, & Belmaker, ; Holmlund & Hammer, ; Worm et al, ). Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in marine food webs and strongly influence ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage, water quality and habitat maintenance (Allgeier, Burkepile, & Layman, ; Bascompte, Melián, & Sala, ; Holmlund & Hammer, ; Villéger, Brosse, Mouchet, Mouillot, & Vanni, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish communities diverge in species but converge in traits over three decades of warming

McLean

Mouillot

Lindegren

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Describing the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities is essential for understanding the impacts of global environmental change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trait‐based approaches can provide better insight than species‐based (i.e. taxonomic) approaches into community assembly and ecosystem functioning, but comparing species and trait dynamics may reveal important patterns for understanding community responses to environmental change. Here, we used a 33‐year database of fish monitoring to compare the spatio‐temporal dynamics of taxonomic and trait structure in North Sea fish communities. We found that the majority of variation in both taxonomic and trait structure was explained by a pronounced spatial gradient, with distinct communities in the southern and northern North Sea related to depth, sea surface temperature, salinity and bed shear stress. Both taxonomic and trait structure changed significantly over time; however taxonomically, communities in the south and north diverged towards different species, becoming more dissimilar over time, yet they converged towards the same traits regardless of species differences. In particular, communities shifted towards smaller, faster growing species with higher thermal preferences and pelagic water column position. Although taxonomic structure changed over time, its spatial distribution remained relatively stable, whereas in trait structure, the southern zone of the North Sea shifted northward and expanded, leading to homogenization. Our findings suggest that global environmental change, notably climate warming, will lead to convergence towards traits more adapted for novel environments regardless of species composition.

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“…The persistence of biodiversity through such global change will demand biogeographic shifts at all levels of biological organization (e.g. from populations to communities to functional groups, Bhatta, Grytnes, & Vetaas, ; Frainer et al, ; McLachlan, Hellmann, & Schwartz, , respectively. See also Barnosky et al, , for a recent review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat‐specific impacts of climate change in the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot

Esser

Neves

Jarenkow

2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Elucidate the potential impacts of climate changes on the distribution and conservation of the multiple habitats of the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot, which are often treated as a unique entity in ecological studies. Location The whole extension of the South American Atlantic Forest Domain plus forest intrusions into the neighbouring Cerrado and Pampa Domains, which comprises rain forest (‘core’ habitat) and five environmentally marginal habitats, namely high elevation/latitude forest, rock outcrop habitats, riverine forest, semideciduous forest and restinga woodlands. Time period Current (2000) and future scenarios (2050 and 2070). Major taxa studied Tree species. Methods We modelled the responses of 282 diagnostic tree species, using multiple algorithms and distinct scenarios of climate change (828,234 projections). Results Potential loss of suitable environment summed 50.4% in semideciduous forest, 58.6% in riverine forest and 66% in rock outcrop habitats. Predictions for rain forest (12.2%), restinga woodlands (7.6%) and high elevation/latitude forest (5.2%) showed that overall loss of suitable environment will be relatively less severe for these habitats. Habitats that are confined to narrow edaphic conditions, namely rock outcrop habitats and riverine forest, are less studied and will likely suffer the greatest loss of biodiversity because their species are more dispersal limited. Main conclusions Because these habitats occupy distinct environmental conditions, lumping them in ecological analyses might lead to erroneous interpretations in studies aiming to evaluate the impacts of global change in the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot. This reinforces the importance of our approach and urges for conservation strategies that account for habitat heterogeneity in the Mata Atlântica and other species‐rich environments.

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Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities

Cited by 227 publications

References 69 publications

Abundance and species diversity hotspots of tracked marine predators across the North American Arctic

Abundance and species diversity hotspots of tracked marine predators across the North American Arctic

Fish communities diverge in species but converge in traits over three decades of warming

Habitat‐specific impacts of climate change in the Mata Atlântica biodiversity hotspot

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