Climate‐driven changes in biomass allocation in pines

DeLucia, Evan H.; Maherali, Hafiz; Carey, Eileen V.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00338.x

Cited by 166 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is especially important in dry climates where vapor pressure deficits are higher. This has been reported in several species from temperate to dry climates (DeLucia et al, 2000), but have never been studied for P. pinea. In this study, this was evident in the first stages of the life of the tree (from d class < 20 cm to 20-30 cm) but stopped thereafter, even with an increase in age and the (smooth) increase in h. Above 20-30 cm d class, no structural adjustments were recorded regarding needle biomass/ sapwood area.…”

Section: Stemmentioning

confidence: 90%

Biomass allometry and carbon factors for a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Portugal

Correia¹,

Tomé²,

Pacheco³

et al. 2010

For. syst.

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Forests play an important role in the global carbon balance because they offset a large portion of the carbon dioxide emitted through human activities. Accurate estimates are necessary for national reporting of greenhouse gas inventories, carbon credit trading and forest carbon management but in Portugal reliable and accessible forest carbon measurement methodologies are still lacking for some species. The objective of this study was to provide forest managers with a comprehensive database of carbon factors and equations that allows estimating stand-level carbon stocks in Pinus pinea L. (P. pinea), regardless of the tree inventory information available. We produced aboveground biomass and stem volume equations, biomass expansion factors (BEF) by component as well as wood basic density (WBD) and component carbon fraction in biomass. A root-to-shoot ratio is also presented using data from trees in which the root system was completely excavated. We harvested 53 trees in centre and south Portugal covering different sizes (6.5 to 56.3 cm), ages (10 to 45 years) and stand densities (20 to 580 trees ha -1 ). The results indicate that aboveground allometry in P. pinea is not comparable with other pines and varies considerably with stand characteristics, highlighting the need to develop stand-dependent factors and equations for local or regional carbon calculations. BEF aboveground decreases from open (1.33 ± 0.03 Mg m -3 ) to closed stands (1.07 ± 0.01 Mg m -3 ) due to a change in biomass allocation pattern from stem to branches. Average WBD was 0.50 ± 0.01 Mg m -3 but varies with tree dimensions and the root-to-shoot ratio found was 0.30 ± 0.03. The carbon fraction was statistically different from the commonly used 0.5 factor for some biomass components. The equations and factors produced allow evaluating carbon stocks in P. pinea stands in Portugal, contributing to a more accurate estimation of carbon sequestered by this forest type.Key words: Pinus pinea; carbon balance; climate change; biomass inventory. Resumen Alometría de la biomasa y factores de carbono para un pino Mediterráneo (Pinus pinea L.) en PortugalLos bosques juegan un papel importante en el balance global del carbono porque desplazan una gran porción del dióxido de carbono emitidos por actividades humanas. Se necesitan estimaciones precisas para los informes nacionales de los inventarios de los gases de efecto invernadero, mercados de créditos de carbono, y manejo de carbono en los bosques. Pero en Portugal todavía faltan, para algunas especies, metodologías de mediciones fiables y accesibles de carbono en los bosques. El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar a los gestores forestales una base de datos completa de los factores y ecuaciones del carbono que permitan estimar los stocks de carbono a nivel de rodal, en Pinus pinea, independientemente de la información disponible de los inventarios de árbol. Producimos ecuaciones de biomasa del matorral, y del volumen del troco, factores de expansión de biomasas (BEF) por componente así como densi...

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Section: Stemmentioning

confidence: 90%

Biomass allometry and carbon factors for a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Portugal

Correia¹,

Tomé²,

Pacheco³

et al. 2010

For. syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Simultaneously, low soil water availability tends to increase K L through increased root/shoot ratio mainly, or through reduced leaf area. A shift in biomass allocation from foliage to stems and to roots was also found to be driven by increasing vapour pressure deficit [36]. In a recent review, Mencuccini [101] analysed the effects on plant hydraulic conductance of changed environmental conditions: he found that long term drought, fertilization, CO 2 enrichment and changes in air vapour pressure deficits had an effect on K L .…”

Section: Drought Effects: Species Diversity Xylem Plasticity and Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences

et al. 2006

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-The extreme drought event that occurred in Western Europe during 2003 highlighted the need to understand the key processes that may allow trees and stands to overcome such severe water shortages. We therefore reviewed the current knowledge available about such processes. First, impact of drought on exchanges at soil-root and canopy-atmosphere interfaces are presented and illustrated with examples from water and CO 2 flux measurements. The decline in transpiration and water uptake and in net carbon assimilation due to stomatal closure has been quantified and modelled. The resulting models were used to compute water balance at stand level basing on the 2003 climate in nine European forest sites from the CARBOEUROPE network. Estimates of soil water deficit were produced and provided a quantitative index of soil water shortage and therefore of the intensity of drought stress experienced by trees during summer 2003. In a second section, we review the irreversible damage that could be imposed on water transfer within trees and particularly within xylem. A special attention was paid to the inter-specific variability of these properties among a wide range of tree species. The inter-specific diversity of hydraulic and stomatal responses to soil water deficit is also discussed as it might reflect a large diversity in traits potentially related to drought tolerance. Finally, tree decline and mortality due to recurrent or extreme drought events are discussed on the basis of a literature review and recent decline studies. The potential involvement of hydraulic dysfunctions or of deficits in carbon storage as causes for the observed long term (several years) decline of tree growth and development and for the onset of tree dieback is discussed. As an example, the starch content in stem tissues recorded at the end of the 2003's summer was used to predict crown conditions of oak trees during the following spring: low starch contents were correlated with large twig and branch decline in the crown of trees. drought / water balance / time lag effect / hydraulic properties / dieback Résumé -Arbres et peuplements forestiers tempérés soumis à sécheresse : une revue des réponses écophysiologiques, des processus d'adaptation et des conséquences à long terme. La sécheresse exceptionnelle de 2003 a été l'occasion de faire le point de nos connaissances sur les mécanismes écophysiologiques permettant aux arbres de traverser un tel évènement climatique extrême. L'analyse a été conduite à l'échelle de l'arbre et du peuplement, tandis que l'intensité de la sécheresse a été quantifiée à l'aide d'un calcul de bilan hydrique sur neuf sites forestiers européens contrastés du réseau CARBOEUROPE. Le rôle du couvert dans les échanges avec l'atmosphère est rappelé puis intégré dans l'analyse des réductions de bilan d'eau et de carbone en 2003 dus à la régulation stomatique. Les caractéristiques du complexe sol-racine, important à la fois pour l'accès à la ressource et à l'efficience de son absorption, constituent un des premiers traits d'ada...

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“…(Running and Waring 1998), which is integral not only to survival but also to their capacity to repel beetle attacks (Delucia et al, 2000).…”

Section: Climate and The Mountain Pine Beetle: Host Vulnerability Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest ecosystems, disturbance, and climatic change in Washington State, USA

et al. 2010

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C limatic change is likely to affect Pacific Northwest (PNW) forests in several important ways. In this paper, we address the role of climate in four forest ecosystem processes and project the effects of future climatic change on these processes. First, we analyze how climate affects Douglas-fir growth across the region to understand potential changes in future growth. In areas where Douglas-fir is not water-limited, future growth will continue to vary with interannual climate variability, but in places where Douglas-fir is water-limited, growth is likely to decline due to projected increase in summer potential evapotranspiration. Second, we use existing analyses of climatic controls on future potential tree species ranges to highlight areas where species turnover may be greatest. By the mid 21 st century, some areas of the interior Columbia Basin and eastern Cascades are likely to have climates poorly suited to pine species that are susceptible to mountain pine beetle, and if these pines are climatically stressed, they may be more vulnerable to pine beetle attack. Climatic suitability for Douglas-fir is also likely to change, with substantial decreases in climatically suitable area in the Puget Trough and the Okanogan Highlands. Third, using regression approaches, we examine the relationships between climate and the area burned by fire in the PNW and in eight Washington ecosystems and project future area burned in response to changing climate. Area burned is significantly related to both temperature and precipitation in summer, but more physiologically relevant variables, such as water balance deficit, perform as well or better in models. Regional area burned is likely to double or even triple by the end of the 2040s, although Washington ecosystems have different sensitivities to climate and thus different responses to climatic change. Fourth, we evaluate the influence of climatic change on mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks by quantifying both host-tree vulnerability and pine beetle adaptive seasonality. Host-tree vulnerability is closely related to vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and future projections support the hypothesis that summer VPD will increase over a significant portion of the range of host tree species. Due to the increased host 255vulnerability, MPB populations are expected to become more viable at higher elevations leading to increased incidence of MPB outbreaks. The increased rates of disturbance by fire and mountain pine beetle are likely to be more significant agents of changes in forest structure and composition in the 21st century than species turnover or declines in productivity. This suggests that understanding future disturbance regimes is critical for successful adaptation to climate change.

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Climate‐driven changes in biomass allocation in pines

Cited by 166 publications

References 43 publications

Biomass allometry and carbon factors for a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Portugal

Biomass allometry and carbon factors for a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Portugal

Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences

Forest ecosystems, disturbance, and climatic change in Washington State, USA

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