Climate controlled ostracod preservation in Lake Ohrid (Albania, Macedonia)

Belmecheri, Soumaya; Namiotko, Tadeusz; Robert, Christian; Grafenstein, Ulrich von; Danielopol, Dan L.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.013

Cited by 49 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Based on these ages, a mean sedimentation rate of 0.21 mm r −1 can be calculated for the upper lithofacies I or the period around the Last Glacial Maximum. An increased sedimentation rate at this period confirms earlier studies and can be explained by higher soil erosion during glacial periods due to the existence of local glaciers in the catchment (Belmecheri et al, 2009;Ribolini et al, 2011). The sequence between 6.33 and 10.66 m depth comprises most of lithofacies II and chronologically constrained by five tephras/cryptotephras and one radiocarbon age.…”

Section: Core Chronology and Sedimentation Ratessupporting

confidence: 87%

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

et al. 2013

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A detailed tephrostratigraphic record, which dates back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b (ca. 91 kyr), has been established from a 17.76 m long core (Co1215) from Lake Prespa (Macedonia, Albania and Greece). A total of eleven tephra and cryptotephra layers (PT0915-1 to PT0915-11) were identified, using XRF scanning, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and macro- and microscopic inspection of the sediments. The major element composition of glass shards and/or micro-pumice fragments indicates that the tephras and cryptotephras originate from the explosive volcanism of Italy. Eight tephra and cryptotephra layers were correlated with specific volcanic eruptions: the AD 512 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (1438 cal yr BP), the Mercato eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (8890 ± 90 cal yr BP), the Tufi Biancastri/LN1-LN2 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (14 749 ± 523 cal yr BP and 15 551 ± 621 cal yr BP), the SMP1-e/Y-3 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (30 000-31 000 cal yr BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (39 280 ± 110 cal yr BP), the SMP1-a event of Ischia Island (around 44 000 cal yr BP) and the Green Tuff/Y-6 eruption of Pantelleria Island (around 45 000 cal yr BP). One tephra could be attributed to the volcanic activity of Mount Etna, but probably represents an unknown eruption at ca. 60 000 cal yr BP. Cryptotephras PT0915-6 and PT0915-10 remain unclassified so far, but according to the presented age-depth model these would have been deposited around 35 000 and 48 500 cal yr BP, respectively. Some of the tephras and cryptotephras are recognised for the first time in the Balkan region. The tephrostratigraphic work provides important information about ash dispersal and explosion patterns of source volcanoes and can be used to correlate and date geographically distant paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives in the central Mediterranean region. Moreover, the tephrostratigraphic work in combination with radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating is a precondition for paleoclimatic reconstructions inferred from the sediment succession Co1215

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Section: Core Chronology and Sedimentation Ratessupporting

confidence: 87%

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

et al. 2013

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“…Following extensive organic matter degradation the C / N ratio of sediments may be significantly reduced, as observed in the DEEP site cores (Francke et al, 2016) and in previous cores from Lake Ohrid where during the Last Glacial C / N values were typically very low (4-5) compared to higher values (8-12) in both the Holocene and MIS 5 (Wagner et al, 2009;Leng et al, 2010a). Catchment permafrost may have also been prevalent in glacial periods, limiting the supply of Ca 2+ and HCO − 3 ions to the lake by reducing the volume of karstic spring inflow (Belmecheri et al, 2009), which is supported by pollen-inferred mean annual temperatures during the last glacial period of between −3 and +1 • C (Bordon et al, 2009). Although there is no (or limited) calcite in the glacials, previous work on Lake Ohrid has shown spikes in TIC during MIS 2-3 , and similar increases in glacial TIC are observed throughout the 5045-1 composite profile (Francke et al, 2016).…”

Section: Oxygen Isotope Composition Of Calcitementioning

confidence: 52%

“…Temperatures may have been sufficiently reduced during glacials to also allow (at least discontinuous) permafrost to form in the Ohrid catchment, thereby decreasing input from karst waters and perhaps restricting the inflow of water from Lake Prespa (Belmecheri et al, 2009). Lake Prespa provides a large proportion of water input to Ohrid through the underground network of karst channels, which has higher δ 18 O lw when compared to measured precipitation ( Fig.…”

Section: Oxygen Isotope Composition Of Sideritementioning

confidence: 99%

Northern Mediterranean climate since the Middle Pleistocene: a 637 ka stable isotope record from Lake Ohrid (Albania/Macedonia)

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) is an ancient lake with unique biodiversity and a site of global significance for investigating the influence of climate, geological, and tectonic events on the generation of endemic populations. Here, we present oxygen (δ 18 O) and carbon (δ 13 C) isotope data from carbonate over the upper 243 m of a composite core profile recovered as part of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOP-SCO) project. The investigated sediment succession covers the past ca. 637 ka. Previous studies on short cores from the lake (up to 15 m, < 140 ka) have indicated the total inorganic carbon (TIC) content of sediments to be highly sensitive to climate change over the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Sediments corresponding to warmer periods contain abundant endogenic calcite; however, an overall low TIC content in glacial sediments is punctuated by discrete bands of early diagenetic authigenic siderite. Isotope measurements on endogenic calcite (δ 18 O c and δ 13 C c ) reveal variations both between and within interglacials that suggest the lake has been subject to palaeoenvironmental change on orbital and millennial timescales. We also measured isotope ratios from authigenic siderite (δ 18 O s and δ 13 C s ) and, with the oxygen isotope composition of calcite and siderite, reconstruct δ 18 O of lake water (δ 18 O lw ) over the last 637 ka. Interglacials have higher δ 18 O lw values when compared to glacial periods most likely due to changes in evaporation, summer temperature, the proportion of winter precipitation (snowfall), and inflow from adjacent Lake Prespa. The isotope stratigraphy suggests Lake Ohrid experienced a period of general stability from marine isotope stage (MIS) 15 to MIS 13, highlighting MIS 14 as a particularly warm glacial. Climate conditions became progressively wetter during MIS 11 and MIS 9. Interglacial periods after MIS 9 are characterised by increasingly evaporated and drier conditions through MIS 7, MIS 5, and the Holocene. Our results provide new evidence for long-term climate change in the northern Mediterranean region, which will form the basis to better understand the influence of major environmental events on biological evolution within Lake Ohrid.

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“…were collected from the lateral parts of the lake, where the water depth did not exceed 150 m (e.g. Wagner et al, 2008bWagner et al, , 2009Belmecheri et al, 2009;Vogel et al, 2010a, b). These piston cores enabled a reconstruction of the environmental, climatic, and tephrostratigraphic history of the lake back to ∼ 140 ka and provided fossil records of pollen (Wagner et al, 2009), molluscan faunas , and diatom floras (Reed et al, 2010).…”

Section: Coring and On-site Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes lithological description after core opening, measurement of the geophysical properties, and granulometric, geochemical, mineralogical, and rockmagnetic analyses. These analyses are carried out on whole core sections, on split core surfaces, and on discrete samples (see Wilke et al, 2016) and are described in detail in several individual publications (Matzinger et al, 2007;Wagner et al, 2008aWagner et al, , b, 2009Wagner et al, , 2012Belmecheri et al, 2009Belmecheri et al, , 2010Holtvoeth et al, 2010Holtvoeth et al, , 2016Leng et al, 2010;Lindhorst et al, 2010;Matter et al, 2010;Vogel et al, 2010a, b;Francke et al, 2016;Leicher et al, 2016). Dating of the sediment successions was mainly based on radiocarbon dating as well as tephrostratigraphic and tephrochronological work.…”

Section: Laboratory Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de novo in the still relatively narrow valley between 1.9 and 1.3 Ma. The lake history is recorded in a 584 m long sediment sequence, which was recovered within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) from the central part (DEEP site) of the lake in spring 2013. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 460 m of this sequence. Tephrochronology and tuning biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters revealed that the upper 247.8 m represent the last 637 kyr. The multi-proxy data set covering these 637 kyr indicates longterm variability. Some proxies show a change from generally cooler and wetter to drier and warmer glacial and interglacial periods around 300 ka. Short-term environmental change caused, for example, by tephra deposition or the climatic impact of millennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events are superimposed on the long-term trends. Evolutionary studies on the extant fauna indicate that Lake Ohrid was not a refugial area for regional freshwater animals. This differs from the surrounding catchment, where the mountainous setting with relatively high water availability provided a refuge for temperate and montane trees during the relatively cold and dry glacial periods. Although Lake Ohrid experienced significant environmental change over the last 637 kyr, preliminary molecular data from extant microgastropod species do not indicate significant changes in diversification rate during this period. The reasons for this constant rate remain largely unknown, but a possible lack of environmentally induced extinction events in Lake Ohrid and/or the high resilience of the ecosystems may have played a role.

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Climate controlled ostracod preservation in Lake Ohrid (Albania, Macedonia)

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans

Northern Mediterranean climate since the Middle Pleistocene: a 637 ka stable isotope record from Lake Ohrid (Albania/Macedonia)

The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project

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