Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961–2000

Chmielewski, Frank‐M.; Müller, Antje; Bruns, Ekko

doi:10.1016/s0168-1923(03)00161-8

Cited by 448 publications

(326 citation statements)

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“…Similar results were obtained by Michalska [6], who showed that the most considerable increase in air temperature took place in February, March, May and August. An increase in air temperature results in an extension of the growing season, which in turn modi es the phenological phases of particular plants [11][12][13]. Plant growth is especially dependent on air temperature changes in winter and early spring, as these control plants' dormant and growth periods [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in air temperature results in an extension of the growing season, which in turn modi es the phenological phases of particular plants [11][12][13]. Plant growth is especially dependent on air temperature changes in winter and early spring, as these control plants' dormant and growth periods [13]. The possibility of late spring frosts together with more-and-more frequent mild winters constitutes a challenge even for frostresistant plants [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frost periods and frost-free periods in Poland and neighbouringcountries

2015

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Abstract:The main objective of this article is to analyse the multiannual variability of frost occurrence and the length of the frost-free period in Poland and neighbouring countries between 1971 and 2010. A frost day was dened as a day on which the minimum temperature was below 0°C and the maximum temperature was above 0°C. On average, between March and November, there were 30 frost days in Poland and neighbouring countries, and their number ranged between 12 and 61. In the analysed multiannual period, there was a statistically signi cant tendency for the last spring frost to be earlier. Conversely, the rst autumn frost occurred increasingly late, although the changes were not statistically signi cant. All but three stations (Augsburg, Kaliningrad, Olsztyn) recorded an increase in the length of frost-free periods, which was statistically signi cant in 51% of stations. The pressure condition conducive to the occurrence of frosts was anticyclonic circulation, as con rmed by the SLP and z500 hPa maps which were drawn up, and the Grosswetterlagen (GWL) classi cation types which were distinguished.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frost periods and frost-free periods in Poland and neighbouringcountries

2015

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“…It affects both physical and biological systems in an array of ways, dealing with crop productivity (Myneni et al 1997;Chmielewski et al 2004;Peng et al 2004;ACIA 2004), viniculture (Nemani et al 2001;Jones et al 2005), forestry Matsumoto et al 2003), animals (Crick and Sparks 1999;Roy and Sparks 2000;Cotton 2003), and hydrological cycle Groisman et al 2004;Yang et al 2002;Barnett et al 2005). In addition, GSL also influences the carbon storage of the earth system (Goulden et al 1996;Keeling et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal variability in local growing season during 1901–2009

Xia

Zeng

2012

Clim Dyn

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Global warming exerts a lengthening effect on the growing season, with observational evidences emerging from different regions over the world. However, the difficulty for a global overview of this effect for the last century arises from limited availability of the long-term daily observations. In this study, we find a good linear relationship between the start (end) date of local growing season (LGS) and the monthly mean temperature in April (October) using the global gridded daily temperature dataset for 1960-1999. Using homogenized daily temperature records from nine stations where the time series go back to the beginning of the twentieth century, we find that the rate of change in the start (end) date of the LGS for per degree warming in April (October) mean temperature keeps nearly constant throughout the time. This enables us to study LGS changes during the last century using global gridded monthly mean temperature data. The results show that during the period 1901-2009, averaged over the observation areas, the LGS length has increased by a rate of 0.89 days decade -1 , mainly due to an earlier start (-0.58 days decade -1 ). This is smaller than those estimates for the late half of the twentieth century, because of multidecadal climate variability (MDV). A MDV component of the LGS index series is extracted by using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method. The MDV exhibits significant positive correlation with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) over most of the Northern Hemisphere lands, but negative in parts of North America and Western Asia for start date of LGS. These are explained by analyzing differences in atmospheric circulation expressed by sea level pressure departures between the warm and cool phases of AMO. It is suggested that MDV in association with AMO accelerates the lengthening of LGS in Northern Hemisphere by 53 % for the period 1980-2009.

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“…flowering, leafing, breeding, leaf fall) are linked to temperatures, respond to changing temperatures with shifts in their phenophases. An overwhelming number of phenological data indicate shifts towards earlier start of the GS in the latter part of the 20th century, and this has been coupled to warming associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO (D'Odorico et al, 2002;Menzel, 2003;Aasa et al, 2004), warming in spring (Cayan et al, 2001;Chmielewski and Rötzer, 2001a,b;Chmielewski et al, 2004) and increases in minimum temperatures, longer frost-free periods or earlier last spring freeze dates (AbuAsab et al, 2001;Scheifinger et al, 2003;Schwartz et al, 2006). This focus on the GS start in phenological studies is due to (1) the largest changes having been noticed in spring and (2) the relatively large uncertainty in timing the end of the GS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951–2007

Song

Linderholm

Chen

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Observed 20th century changes in the length of the growing season (GS) across the Northern Hemisphere have been linked to increasing temperatures, associated with global warming. Past studies of GS changes in China have largely been based on phenological observations and satellite data, and little attention has been paid to changes in starting and ending dates of GS. Here we examine changes in the thermal GS over China from 1951 to 2007 based on observed daily surface air temperature. Using five indices, trends of three GS parameters, start, end and length, were determined at 114 high-quality stations over China. Our results show large spatial and temporal differences in the GS parameters in China, where the most prominent changes have occurred in northern China relative to southern China. On average, from 1951 to 2007 the GS has been extended by 2.3 days/decade in northern China where most of these changes is due to an earlier onset of the GS in spring (−1.7 days/decade). In southern China, there is an average increase of GS by 1.3 days/decade with 0.6 days/decade earlier onsets in spring. Furthermore, most stations showing significant trends of GS changes are located in northern China. An extended GS in northern China indicates improved agricultural conditions due to warmer and longer GS. However, this effect may be counteracted by changes in the precipitation pattern.

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Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961–2000

Cited by 448 publications

References 10 publications

Frost periods and frost-free periods in Poland and neighbouringcountries

Frost periods and frost-free periods in Poland and neighbouringcountries

Multidecadal variability in local growing season during 1901–2009

Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951–2007

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