Climate Change Influences on the Potential Distribution of the Sand Fly Phlebotomus sergenti, Vector of Leishmania tropica in Morocco

Daoudi, M.; Outammassine, Abdelkrim; Amane, Mounia; Hafidi, Mohamed; Boussaa, Samia; Boumezzough, Ali

doi:10.1007/s11686-022-00533-5

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, factors influencing spatial and temporal dynamics depend on rodent population dynamics, vector dispersal, climate change, and human activities (Riyad et al., 2013). In fact, entomological investigations in the three localities confirmed the prevalence of P. papatasi , the vector of L. major responsible for zoonotic CL (40); P. sergenti , the proven vector of L. tropica , agent of the anthroponotic form of CL in the Old World (Karmaoui et al., 2022), particularly in Morocco (Daoudi et al., 2022), and the presence of P. longicuspis which increases the risk of transmission of L. infantum causing CL and VL (Zarrouk et al., 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Entomological, parasitological and molecular investigations in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Youssoufia region, Morocco

Amane,

El Mazini,

Echchakery

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Background and AimsLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical infection caused by Leishmania parasite that affect human and animal. In Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis has spread substantially to the new areas. The surveillance limited to active foci may underestimate the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study aims to investigate the local transmission of CL in rural districts of Youssoufia province, central Morocco, as a potential focus of CL.MethodsFor this purpose, parasitological, molecular and entomological investigations were carried out in this area. Data collection concerns potential vectors and human cases. Thus, 402 patients were examined for suspected leishmaniasis lesions in three localities of the province of Youssoufia. In these same localities, 983 sand flies were collected by CDC light traps and sticky paper during one‐night per month during 6 months. These sand flies were all identified morphologically using the Moroccan identification key.ResultsThe results showed that among the 25 skin lesions detected in a population of 402 individuals, 18 were confirmed by kDNA nested PCR as CL positive patients, of which only 25% were positive by direct examination. Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major were identified as causative agents of CL in the study area. Direct parasitological examination showed a low sensitivity (27.78%), especially for L. major, although its specificity was evaluated at 100%. Regarding entomological results, both genera of the Moroccan sand fly were collected in the study area: Genus/Phlebotomus (75.28%) and Sergentomyia (24.72%). Phlebotomus (P) papatasi, the proven vector of L. major, was the most abundant species (33.98%), followed by Paralongicollum sergenti (22.58%), the confirmed vector of L. tropica; while Sergentomyia (S) minuta, P. longicuspis, S. fallax and P. kazeruni were collected with, respectively, 17.60%, 16.99%, 7.12% and 1.73%.ConclusionThis study constitutes the first report of CL in the study areas, as well as the coexistence of L. tropica and L. major in these rural localities. Local transmission of CL is highly probable, as indicated by the prevalence of the two proven vectors of L. major and L. tropica. To control the spread of this disease, our results suggest the use of highly sensitive molecular methods to detect CL cases in potential leishmaniasis foci, which will improve surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Entomological, parasitological and molecular investigations in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Youssoufia region, Morocco

Amane,

El Mazini,

Echchakery

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…The aforementioned gaps in knowledge regarding the role of respective sand fly species in the transmission of different viruses are further emphasized by the changing distribution of the potential vectors due to climatic and environmental changes linked to the human-caused alteration of the global climate. Like other arthropod vectors, sand flies are expected to react to ongoing processes triggered directly or indirectly by climate change and their changing distribution is suggested in different regions, including North America [186], Europe [187] and North Africa [188]. Fragmentary knowledge of temporal and spatial distribution due to the lack of consistent and detailed mapping of various sand fly species has not so far provided large sets of robust field-derived data, but the assumptions concerning changing sand fly geographical ranges are supported by various modelling approaches, mainly ecological niche modelling (ENM).…”

Section: Vectorial Role Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sand flies as vectors of viruses other than phleboviruses

Jancarova

Polanska

Volf

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are proven vectors of various pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Although mostly known for their pivotal role in the transmission of parasitic protists of the genus Leishmania that cause leishmaniases, they are also proven or suspected vectors of many arboviruses, some of which threaten human and animal health, causing disorders such as human encephalitis (Chandipura virus) or serious diseases of domestic animals (vesicular stomatitis viruses). We reviewed the literature to summarize the current published information on viruses detected in or isolated from phlebotomine sand flies, excluding the family Phenuiviridae with the genus Phlebovirus, as these have been well investigated and up-to-date reviews are available. Sand fly-borne viruses from four other families (Rhabdoviridae, Flaviviridae, Reoviridae and Peribunyaviridae) and one unclassified group (Negevirus) are reviewed for the first time regarding their distribution in nature, host and vector specificity, and potential natural transmission cycles.

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The potential effects of climate change on the climatic suitability patterns of the Western Asian vectors and parasites of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the mid- and late twenty-first century

Trájer,

Grmasha

2023

Theor Appl Climatol

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Climate change alters the global distribution of leishmaniasis vector sandfly species. However, the possible effect of altering environmental factors on sandfly species varies by species and area. The aim of this study was to project the future potential effect of climate change on the Western Asian occurrence of the sandfly vector species Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti and the parasites Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica for 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 compared to their modelled climatic suitability patterns in the reference period 1970–2000. The model results suggest that by 2041–2060 and 2081–2100, in the coastal areas of the Levantine countries and the mid-elevation regions of Western Iran and Southeast Turkey, the climatic suitability of all the studied species is predicted to increase. In contrast, the model results suggest the decline of the populations of the studied vectors as well as the disappearance of the parasites in Iraq, North Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the inland regions of Western Asian countries. Considering the present-day population density patterns, it can be said that although in large regions of the region, the climatic suitability values are predicted to decrease, the populated Levantine regions seem to be at risk of climate change-facilitated increase in cutaneous leishmaniasis in the second half of the twenty-first century. The model results suggest that climate change will especially increase the climatic suitability of Leishmania tropica in the Levantine region in the late twenty-first century.

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Climate Change Influences on the Potential Distribution of the Sand Fly Phlebotomus sergenti, Vector of Leishmania tropica in Morocco

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Entomological, parasitological and molecular investigations in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Youssoufia region, Morocco

Entomological, parasitological and molecular investigations in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Youssoufia region, Morocco

The role of sand flies as vectors of viruses other than phleboviruses

The potential effects of climate change on the climatic suitability patterns of the Western Asian vectors and parasites of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the mid- and late twenty-first century

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