Climate Change in Lebanon and the Impact to Water Resources

Halwani, Jalal; Halwani, Bouchra

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78566-6_19

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…With the beginnings of the 90s, the Lebanese government has modified the land use plan of the southern plain of Tripoli, transforming the agricultural plain into an urban area where 800 residential buildings must be built in a new urban area calling "Dam and Farz". The network of the drinking water supply has not been achieved for financial reasons, each building had to dig a private well for daily needs, despite the water being microbiologically polluted [8]. These wells, which developed anarchically without official authorization, operated 24 hours a day free of charge without any control and without worrying about the quantities of water pumped without permission of public authorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-geochemical Study of the Coastal Aquifer in Tripoli (Lebanon)

Halwani

El-Hajj²,

Halwani³

2022

RJEES

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Groundwater geochemistry refers to the general chemical properties of water, particularly groundwater. Precipitation, volatilization, oxidation/reduction, sorption/partition, and complexation are processes involved in the distribution and fate of organic molecules in water. Determining hydrogeochemical facies is a great help for determining relationships and similarities among the chemistry of waters in an aquifer. This study focused on the coastal aquifer of Tripoli (Lebanon) with Mio-Quaternary age. It is considered as a confined aquifer and an important hydraulic reserve for domestic water use in the region. Recently, it underwent an urban development that leads to an increase in water demand causing a decrease in the piezometric level and a high-risk of deterioration to water quality through seawater intrusion and anthropic pollution. To understand the origin of mineralization and the mechanism of water hydro-chemistry variation and to provide a vision to underground water recharge, this study aims to analyze the hydrodynamic, piezometric, and geochemical characteristics of the coastal aquifer. The fluctuation of physicochemical parameters for cool and warm seasons has been studied and monitored for 16 coastal wells during April, May, and June 2020. Results were interpreted by using a statistical analysis called Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Cartographic of groundwater levels and concentrations for nitrate, chloride, sulphate ions, the ratio sulphate/chloride were determined by using SUFFER8 software. It can be noticed that the Mio-Quaternary formation at Tripoli consists of thick sedimentary sandstones and conglomerates with argillaceous roots, which provide significantly high permeability characteristics. It is mainly recharged from precipitations through karstic formations. Chemical analysis shows that bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -), characterized by dissolution of carbonate rocks from geological upstream formations of Tripoli, means that the aquifer is subjected to intensive recharge of fresh water and snow melting making a hydrostatic equilibrium facing marine intrusion [1]. High contents of chloride and Sodium are due to anthropic contamination or seawater intrusion. However, Magnesium ion concentration assures this intrusion. Meanwhile, nitrates, sulfates and phosphorus high concentrations are related to wastewater leakage or agricultural activities [2].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-geochemical Study of the Coastal Aquifer in Tripoli (Lebanon)

Halwani

El-Hajj²,

Halwani³

2022

RJEES

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Climate change threatens olive oil production in the Levant

et al. 2023

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The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the best-adapted species to Mediterranean-type climate 1-8 . Nonetheless, the Mediterranean Basin is deemed to be a climate change "hotspot" by the IPCC 9,10 because future model projections suggest considerable warming and drying 11,12 . Within this context, new environmental challenges will arise in the coming decades, which will both weaken and threaten olive-growing areas, leading to a loss of productivity and changes in fruit and oil quality [13][14][15] . Olive growing, a core of the Mediterranean economy, might soon be under stress. To probe the link between climate and olive trees, we here report 5400 years of olive-tree dynamics from the ancient city of

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Climate Change in Lebanon and the Impact to Water Resources

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Hydro-geochemical Study of the Coastal Aquifer in Tripoli (Lebanon)

Hydro-geochemical Study of the Coastal Aquifer in Tripoli (Lebanon)

Climate change threatens olive oil production in the Levant

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