Climate change impacts on maize and soybean yields in Zambia

Abstract

Projected changes in temperature and rainfall directly threaten the overall agricultural crop production system in Zambia where 75% of agricultural production is rainfed. This study investigates the effects of future climate on maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields using relatively high spatial resolution downscaled climate data in Central and Eastern Zambia. The Agrometshell model was applied to simulate historical and future crop yields. To account for the effects of climate change on crop yields, global climate models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were used. Most yield functions were significant with R2 values >.7 with p < .05, indicating the model's ability to capture variations in observed data. Mean maize yield change decreased across RCPs and GCMs in Central Province and the decrease amplified in several areas in the far future, suggesting worsening effects into the future. But the projected mean yield changes in Eastern Province remain mostly within the historical range of variability, suggesting that maize yield in this province is less sensitive to climate change. Projected mean soybean yield changes in Central Province consist of a combination of reductions and improvements. Soybean yields in Eastern Province were projected to increase in the near future, shifting to large increases in the far future. Drastic reductions in maize yields are likely to cause major negative effects in the agricultural system because maize is a staple crop in the country. In contrast, soybean showed less sensitivity to future climate and demonstrates the value of diversifying agricultural systems and increasing the sustainability of food production systems.

The Soybean Yield Formation in the Pedoclimatic Conditions From the Hilly Area of the Transylvania Plain

“…The yield is conditioned to the greatest extent by the pedoclimatic conditions in the experimental area, the tillage system and the applied technological elements (Chețan, 2020;Doorenbos and Kassam, 1979;Chilambwe et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022;Chețan et al, 2022). Numerous other studies, conducted worldwide, specifies that the yield of this crop decreases considerably with the deviation from the optimum (positive or negative) of temperatures and precipitation, in different phases of vegetation, especially at flowering and beans formation (Pedersen et al, 2004;Tacarindua et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2020).…”