Climate Change Impact on Immune Status and Productivity of Poultry as Well as the Quality of Meat and Egg Products

Soliman, Ahmed; Safwat, Assem Mohamed

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41629-4_20

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Birds respond to heat stress by extending their wings, holding them away from their body, increasing their respiration rate, which has the potential of leading to exhaustion, in an attempt to reduce the heat load through water vapor cooling. Other strategies include looking for isolated places to lower their body temperature, moving away from each other, less activity, decreasing feed intake, and increasing water consumption [ 65 ]. The negative effects of climate change on poultry production are mostly direct, reducing weight gain and meat quality in broilers and the rate of egg production, egg quality (especially thin and breakable eggshells), egg weight and size, and a high mortality rate in laying hens [ 65 ].…”

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Livestock Production In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other strategies include looking for isolated places to lower their body temperature, moving away from each other, less activity, decreasing feed intake, and increasing water consumption [ 65 ]. The negative effects of climate change on poultry production are mostly direct, reducing weight gain and meat quality in broilers and the rate of egg production, egg quality (especially thin and breakable eggshells), egg weight and size, and a high mortality rate in laying hens [ 65 ]. There are also indirect effects reducing growth and reproduction, in particular through the enhanced growth of toxin-producing fungi in feed or by reducing the bird’s ability to cope with other stressors.…”

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Livestock Production In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A temperature increase of 1 °C above the ideal temperature leads to a reduction in the feed consumption of laying hens by 1.6%, while the amount of energy consumed reduces by about 2.3% [ 65 ]. The egg weight also decreases at rate of 0.07–0.98 g/egg for every 1 °C rise, which can be attributed to the decrease in calcium availability because of the reduction in the food consumption.…”

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Livestock Production In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock Production

Goma

Phillips

2021

Animals

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Egypt is one of the hottest countries in the world, and extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, which is consistent with the warming of the planet. The impact of this warming on ecosystems is severe, including on livestock production systems. Under Egyptian conditions, livestock already suffer heat stress periods in summer. The predicted increases in temperature as result of climate change will affect livestock production by reducing growth and milk production because of appetite suppression and conception rate reductions and will increase animal welfare concerns. In severe cases, these effects can result in death. We review the heat stress effects on livestock behaviour, reproduction, and production in the context of predicted climate change for Egypt over the course of this century and offer alternative scenarios to achieve food security for a growing human population. As an example, we combine predictions for reduced milk production during heat stress and human population trajectories to predict that milk availability per person will decline from 61 kg/year in 2011 to 26 kg/year in 2064. Mitigation strategies are discussed and include the substitution of animal-based foods for plant-based foods and laboratory-grown animal products.

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Section: Climate Change Impacts On Livestock Production In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Livestock Production In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Livestock Production In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock Production

Goma

Phillips

2021

Animals

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“…Birds are homoeothermic animals. They can maintain a relatively constant temperature of their internal organs only when raised in a thermoneutral zone (approximately at 21-28 °C; comfortable zone) (Soliman and Safwat 2020). When the environmental temperature exceeds the lower or upper limits of the thermoneutral zone, it results in heat or cold stress in animals.…”

Section: Temperature Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and immunity in poultry: light management and nanotechnology as effective immune enhancers to fight stress

Abo‐Al‐Ela

El‐Kassas

El-Naggar

et al. 2021

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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The poultry industry plays a significant role in boosting the economy of several countries, particularly developing countries, and acts as a good, cheap, and affordable source of animal protein. A stress-free environment is the main target in poultry production. There are several stressors, such as cold stress, heat stress, high stocking density, and diseases that can affect birds and cause several deleterious changes. Stress reduces feed intake and growth, as well as impairs immune response and function, resulting in high disease susceptibility. These effects are correlated with higher corticosteroid levels that modulate several immune pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Toll-like receptor signaling along with induction of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress. Several approaches have been considered to boost bird immunity to overcome stress-associated effects. Of these, dietary supplementation of certain nutrients and management modifications, such as light management, are commonly considered. Dietary supplementations improve bird immunity by improving the development of lymphoid tissues and triggering beneficial immune modulators and responses. Since nano-minerals have higher bioavailability compared to inorganic or organic forms, they are highly recommended to be included in the bird's diet during stress. Additionally, light management is considered a cheap and safe approach to control stress. Changing light from continuous to intermittent and using monochromatic light instead of the normal light improve bird performance and health. Such changes in light management are associated with a reduction of ROS production and increased antioxidant production. In this review, we discuss the impact of stress on the immune system of birds and the transcriptome of oxidative stress and immune-related genes, in addition, how nano-minerals supplementations and light system modulate or mitigate stress-associated effects.

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“…Chickens are homoeothermic animals, able to maintain a relatively constant inner temperature, even if only in an environmental temperature of 21–28 °C. Body metabolism is the main aspect responsible for heat production, and needs heat removal to maintain the internal body temperature at 41.4–42.9 °C [ 28 ]. Indeed, hot temperatures can ruin the maintenance of this homoeothermic due to the physiological changes that affect body temperature stability.…”

Section: Climate Change and Hs In Chickens: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Genetic Tools to Investigate Molecular Pathways Related to Heat Stress in Chickens: A Review

Perini

Cendron

Rovelli

et al. 2020

Animals

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Chicken products are the most consumed animal-sourced foods at a global level across greatly diverse cultures, traditions, and religions. The consumption of chicken meat has increased rapidly in the past few decades and chicken meat is the main animal protein source in developing countries. Heat stress is one of the environmental factors which decreases the productive performance of poultry and meat quality. Heat stress produces the over-expression of heat shock factors and heat shock proteins in chicken tissues. Heat shock proteins regulate several molecular pathways in cells in response to stress conditions, changing the homeostasis of cells and tissues. These changes can affect the physiology of the tissue and hence the production ability of chickens. Indeed, commercial chicken strains can reach a high production level, but their body metabolism, being comparatively accelerated, has poor thermoregulation. In contrast, native backyard chickens are more adapted to the environments in which they live, with a robustness that allows them to survive and reproduce constantly. In the past few years, new molecular tools have been developed, such as RNA-Seq, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and bioinformatics approaches such as Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Based on these genetic tools, many studies have detected the main pathways involved in cellular response mechanisms. In this context, it is necessary to clarify all the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in heat stress response. Hence, this paper aims to review the ability of the new generation of genetic tools to clarify the molecular pathways associated with heat stress in chickens, offering new perspectives for the use of these findings in the animal breeding field.

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Climate Change Impact on Immune Status and Productivity of Poultry as Well as the Quality of Meat and Egg Products

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock Production

The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock Production

Stress and immunity in poultry: light management and nanotechnology as effective immune enhancers to fight stress

Emerging Genetic Tools to Investigate Molecular Pathways Related to Heat Stress in Chickens: A Review

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