Climate Change, Human Health, and Biomedical Research: Analysis of the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio

Jessup, Christine M.; Balbus, John; Christian, Carole; Haque, M. E.; Howe, Sally E.; Newton, Sheila A.; Reid, Britt C.; Roberts, Luci; Wilhelm, Erin; Rosenthal, Joshua P.

doi:10.1289/ehp.1104518

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The involvement of these agencies, however, is a good start but not a means to an end that guarantees resource support for the most needed research. In 2008, less than 1% of the 58,000 awards issued by the NIH were climate related (83). In 2013, the CDC initiated funding for 18 state and city grantees to build capacity in determining the health effects of climate change (encompassing its various forms such as fire, extreme heat, flooding, drought, etc.)…”

Section: Health and Social Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Heat Island: Mechanisms, Implications, and Possible Remedies

Phelan

Kaloush

Miner

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

199

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Urban heat island (UHI) manifests as the temperature rise in built-up urban areas relative to the surrounding rural countryside, largely because of the relatively greater proportion of incident solar energy that is absorbed and stored by man-made materials. The direct impact of UHI can be significant on both daytime and night-time temperatures, and the indirect impacts include increased air conditioning loads, deteriorated air and water quality, reduced pavement lifetimes, and exacerbated heat waves. Modifying the thermal properties and emissivity of roofs and paved surfaces and increasing the vegetated area within the city are potential mitigation strategies. A quantitative comparison of their efficacies and costs suggests that so-called cool roofs are likely the most cost-effective UHI mitigation strategy. However, additional research is needed on how to modify surface emissivities and dynamically control surface and material properties, as well as on the health and socioeconomic impacts of UHI.

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Section: Health and Social Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Heat Island: Mechanisms, Implications, and Possible Remedies

Phelan

Kaloush

Miner

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another secondary and more complicated means may comprise inhabitant migration or human argument beginning from food or water shortage carried on or worsened by global warming. These diverse possible risks have the probability to be more extreme for populations and geographic domains already facing an elevated concern of human health issues and supply shortage [24] . Weather appropriateness for communication was predicted to alter by diverse extent and vector throughout extensively of the Sahel, and southern and eastern Africa.…”

Section: Impacts Of Ghg On Human Health and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting factors of ecotax based on life cycle assessment for select criteria mechanism using waste to energy technology of environmental law and its enforcing regulations

Llarena¹

2023

Int. J. Finance Manage. Econ.

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Every drug product, with its apparent patent and trademark from European Patent Commission (EPC), must exhibit its safety utilization starting from its ecological cultivation up to its warranty disposal back to the environment termed as Life Cycle Assessment of drugs. Climate change may be influenced and worsened by several determinants in which pharmaceutical sector may play a big role to environmental pollution and may eventually lead to risks of developing health problems due to environmental toxicities. Therefore, there is a crucial need for remediating drug wastes into renewable energies as corporate responsibility of environmental taxation for the advocacy of Sustainable Development as promoted and regulated by Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Millennium Development Goals of economic prosperity and safety of the public. This paper aims to delineate the waste to energy technology functions for addressing its problems and concerns in carbon tax such as the quantity of renewable power percentage, the amount of greenhouse gases of climate change and its environmental pollutants from waste disposal of expired and used drugs, the prevalence of morbidity and mortality rates in relation to environmental exposure to hazardous substances, and its relative monetary progress and success. Kinetic modelling of equations and its MATLAB simulation code is important for application of waste to energy technology for Sustainable Development. Therefore, delineation of carbon tax in kinetic modelling is quite necessary in resolving issues in economy, society, and environment as exhibited in SELECT criteria mechanism of decision making.

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“…The review recommended intramural and extramural funding of more than $200 million annually to help the US prepare for, manage, and recover from the health risks posed by climate change. A separate review of the 2008 budget appropriations found that of the nearly 53,000 awards by NIH that year, approximately 0.17 % were focused on or related to climate [6]. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), an institute within the National Institutes of Health, announced in 2011 that it would launch a research program in climate change and health.…”

Section: Commitment Of Health Institutions and Organizations To Reseamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current medical research funding and frameworks are insufficient to address the health risks of global environmental change

2016

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BackgroundThree major international agreements signed in 2015 are key milestones for transitioning to more sustainable and resilient societies: the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction; and the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Together, these agreements underscore the critical importance of understanding and managing the health risks of global changes, to ensure continued population health improvements in the face of significant social and environmental change over this century.BodyFunding priorities of major health institutions and organizations in the U.S. and Europe do not match research investments with needs to inform implementation of these international agreements. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health commit 0.025 % of their annual research budget to climate change and health. The European Union Seventh Framework Programme committed 0.08 % of the total budget to climate change and health; the amount committed under Horizon 2020 was 0.04 % of the budget. Two issues apparently contributing to this mismatch are viewing climate change primarily as an environmental problem, and therefore the responsibility of other research streams; and narrowly framing research into managing the health risks of climate variability and change from the perspective of medicine and traditional public health. This reductionist, top-down perspective focuses on proximate, individual level risk factors. While highly successful in reducing disease burdens, this framing is insufficient to protect health and well-being over a century that will be characterized by profound social and environmental changes.ConclusionsInternational commitments in 2015 underscored the significant challenges societies will face this century from climate change and other global changes. However, the low priority placed on understanding and managing the associated health risks by national and international research institutions and organizations leaves populations poorly prepared to cope with changing health burdens. Risk-centered, systems approaches can facilitate understanding of the complex interactions and dependencies across environmental, social, and human systems. This understanding is needed to formulate effective interventions targeting socio-environmental factors that are as important for determining health burdens as are individual risk factors.

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Climate Change, Human Health, and Biomedical Research: Analysis of the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Urban Heat Island: Mechanisms, Implications, and Possible Remedies

Urban Heat Island: Mechanisms, Implications, and Possible Remedies

Targeting factors of ecotax based on life cycle assessment for select criteria mechanism using waste to energy technology of environmental law and its enforcing regulations

Current medical research funding and frameworks are insufficient to address the health risks of global environmental change

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