Climate change coping and adaptation strategies: How do cocoa farmers in Ghana diversify farm income?

Amfo, Bismark; Ali, Ernest Baba

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102265

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The favorability of environmental conditions, especially under the different ecological zones for certain crops, makes crop diversification in Ghana a viable option for combating low productivity in the agricultural sector due to climate change [59,60]. Amfo and Ali [61] observed that farmers might intercrop drought-resistant crops with crops that are less prone to fluctuations in climatic condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that most rural people are predominantly engaged in the agricultural sector, the average household size of 5 persons per household serves as a source of a strong labor potential for farm households. Amfo and Ali [61] observed that farm households in Ghana rely heavily on family labor because they are usually resource-constrained and unable to afford the services of hired labor for their farm operations.…”

Section: Availability Of Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative

2021

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The exponential increase in the population of Ghana and the need to meet the population’s food security needs while creating job opportunities have necessitated the implementation of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative by the Government of Ghana (GoG). Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analytical tool, we SWOT of the PFJ initiative. We further complemented the study with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) tool to rank the various criteria (factors) identified under the SWOT analysis. The study identified favorable environmental conditions as the highest strength, which recorded 59.3%, followed by agricultural lands availability (21.8%). Inadequate of financial services was identified as the highest weakness (55.8%), followed by over-reliance on climatic conditions (25.9%). High export potential relative to agricultural products in the country was identified as the highest opportunity, which recorded a weight of 50.3%. The One District One Factory (1D1F) initiative came up as the second highest opportunity. Negative ramification of climate change was identified as the main threat to Ghana’s agricultural sector (57.9%), followed by the importation of basic food products (25%).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Availability Of Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative

2021

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“…From the perspective of subjective adoption intention, the first issue is whether the farmers are willing to adopt environment-friendly technologies, and if the farmers’ subjective willingness is not favorable, they will not fully adopt the three environment-friendly technologies. While the Heckman two-stage model can control the selectivity deviation caused by unobservable factors [ 58 , 59 ], it can deal with effect evaluation based on binary selection [ 60 , 61 ]. Therefore, this paper uses Heckman sampling to solve effect evaluation based on binary selection, as suggested by Lambrecht et al [ 62 ].…”

Section: Variables and Research Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Capital Endowment and Ecological Cognition Affect Environment-Friendly Technology Adoption: A Case of Apple Farmers of Shandong Province, China

Wang

Sarkar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Ever-increasing global environmental issues, land degradation, and groundwater contamination may significantly impact the agricultural sector of any country. The situation worsens while the global agricultural sectors are going through the unsustainable intensification of agricultural production powered by chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This trend leads the sector to exercise environmentally friendly technology (EFT). Capital endowment and ecological cognition may significantly impact fostering farmers’ adoption of environmentally friendly technology. The government also tends to change the existing policies to cope with ever-increasing challenges like pollution control, maintaining ecological balance, and supporting agricultural sectors substantially by employing ecological compensation policy. The study’s main objective is to explore the impacts of farmer’s ecological compensation, capital endowment, and ecological cognition for the adoption of EFT. The empirical setup of the study quantifies with survey data of 471 apple farmers from nine counties of Shandong province. The study used Heckman’s two-stage model to craft the findings. The results showed that 52.02% of fruit farmers adopted two environmentally friendly technologies, and 23.99% of fruit farmers adopted three forms of environmentally friendly technologies. At the same time, we have traced that the capital endowment, planting scale, family income, and technical specialization of fruit farmers significantly impact adopting EFT. The study also revealed that understanding ecological compensation policy has a significant positive effect on adopting environmentally friendly technology. Seemingly, ecological compensation policy has a specific regulatory effect on fruit farmers’ capital endowment and ecological cognition. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the demonstration facilities, training, and frequently arrange awareness-building campaigns regarding rural non-point source pollution hazards and improve the cognition level of farmers. The agriculture extension department should strengthen the agricultural value chain facilities to make farmers fully realize the importance of EFT. Government should promote and extend the supports for availing new and innovative EFT at a reasonable price. Moreover, cooperative, financial, and credit organizations need to lead for the smooth transition of EFT. The agricultural cooperatives and formal risk-taking networks should act responsibly for shaping the behavioral factors of farmers.

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“…Thus, household income diversification activities are deemed vital for rice farmers (Akrasi et al, 2020). The literature has emphasized the importance of household farm income diversification as a means to mitigate adverse effects of climate change in agricultural production in developing countries like Ghana (Amfo and Ali, 2020;Ojo and Baiyegunhi, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the critical question often asked is what informs farmers' decision to diversify and how does this affect their welfare? Findings from empirical studies show that farmers usually diversify income to mitigate the adverse impact of production and marketing risks like climate change (Amfo and Ali, 2020;Atuoye et al, 2019;Abdulai et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice farm income diversification in Ghana and implications on household consumption expenditure

Amfo

Mensah

Ali

et al. 2021

IJSE

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PurposeThis study investigates implications of crop and income diversifications on consumption expenditure (welfare) of rice-producing households in Ghana. It further compares diversification by three rice production systems: two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice production.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were sourced from 225 rice farmers. Margalef index and three-stage least-squares were employed.FindingsMajority of rice-farming households in Ghana diversify livelihoods. The extent of livelihood diversification differs among two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice-producing households. Credit, distance to district capitals, production purpose and number of farming seasons influence crop and income diversifications, and consumption expenditure of rice-producing households. While crop diversification reduces consumption expenditure, income diversification increases it. Crop and income diversifications positively influence each other. Consumption expenditure reduces crop diversification but increases income diversification.Practical implicationsPolicy should be directed towards the promotion of more livelihood activities to boost rice farmers' welfare. There should be awareness creation and training programmes to enable rice farmers realize different economic activities within and outside the agricultural value chain.Originality/valueCrop and income diversifications were measured as continuous response variables, unlike previous studies that used a binary response variable. The authors established a synergy among crop and income diversifications, and consumption expenditure (welfare). The authors further compared crop and income diversifications by three rice production systems: two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice production systems.

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Climate change coping and adaptation strategies: How do cocoa farmers in Ghana diversify farm income?

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative

Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative

How Capital Endowment and Ecological Cognition Affect Environment-Friendly Technology Adoption: A Case of Apple Farmers of Shandong Province, China

Rice farm income diversification in Ghana and implications on household consumption expenditure

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