Climate Change and Water Security Issues in Africa: Introducing Partnership Procurement for Sustainable Water Projects in Nigeria

Zadawa, Abdullahi Nafiu; Omran, Abdelnaser

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7748-7_6

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…Nigeria is the fastest growing country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in terms of the human population (Akombi et al 2019;Young 2019). Improved water supply which is one of the essentials for a healthy living has been constrained by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities (Vijay et al 2011;Qin et al 2013;Chen et al 2016;Chitsazan et al 2019) and by lesser extent natural conditions (Izah et al 2016;Makinde et al 2017;Zadawa and Omran 2018). Characterization of groundwater in Nigeria, is further constrained by lack of data, especially from Basement Complex areas of northern Nigeria (Akinluyi et al 2018;Olubusola et al 2018;Oyedele and Olayinka 2019;Tajudeen et al 2019), owing to difficulties associated with groundwater exploration and accessibility (Betzler et al 2017;Muhammad and Saad 2018;Oyeyemi and Aizebeokhai 2018;Ahmed and Mansor 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

et al. 2019

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Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells < 5 m) and deep groundwater (boreholes > 40 m). Physical parameters (i.e., temperature, TDS, pH, and EC), were determined in situ, using handheld meters. Discrete water samples were obtained for determination of chemical parameters. Results from severalsample ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) suggested that heterogeneity in water table appeared to exert significant influence on groundwater chemistry which is characterized by a significant difference in pH, EC TH, Na + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , PO 4 3− , Cl − , HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − concentrations. Also, ions including Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , PO 4 3− , and SO 4 2− are above World Health Organization (2011) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007) reference guidelines. Most of the groundwater sources are moderately hard. Groundwater classification based on chloride, EC, and TDS revealed water of excellent quality for all types of uses. However, groundwater classification based on nitrate pollution revealed water of poor quality. Rock mineral is the major mechanism controlling water chemistry, as revealed by the Gibbs model. Most of the water sources have positive Scholler index, indicative of overall base exchange reactions in the underlying aquifers. Such condition was well explained by Piper trilinear diagram, which revealed two types of faces: Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-SO 4-Cl. The HCA categorized wells into three groups according to their hydrogeochemical physiognomies. Despite the significant difference in ions concentration and chemical indices, groundwater composition is more influenced by rock weathering than anthropogenic inputs. Groundwater evaluation for irrigation use indicates a significant difference in SAR level which is related to poor permeability index in shallow groundwater. Higher values of Kelly's index and magnesium adsorption ratio threatened groundwater suitability for irrigation use in the study area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

et al. 2019

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Assessing the Role of Irrigation as an Adaptive Measure to Climate Change Induced Water Insecurity: Case Study of the Market Gardening Sector in Parts of the Northwest and West Regions of Cameroon

Awazi

2022

Front. Water

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Climate change induced extreme weather events are having major repercussions on availability and accessibility to water and water resources especially for farmers across the globe. This is more so for small-scale farmers in the developing world who largely depend on rain-fed agriculture. The market gardening sector in particular is known for its high dependence on suitable weather conditions for adequate productivity. However, in recent years, market garden crop cultivation has been severely threatened by climate change induced extreme weather events such as prolong dry spells, scanty and erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, extreme sunshine and storms. This study was undertaken to understand the role of irrigation as an adaptive measure to climate change induced water insecurity, with focus on the market gardening sector in parts of the west and northwest regions of Cameroon. Data were collected through a survey of 260 market gardeners involved in different irrigation practices geared toward countering water insecurity problems induced by climate change. Findings indicated that water insecurity is induced by extreme weather events such as prolong dryness, scanty and erratic rainfall, extreme sunshine and rising temperatures. A majority of the market gardeners surveyed reported the existence of water insecurity which has led to crop failure in many instances placing them in financial difficulties and seriously hampering their livelihood. Market gardeners were involved in different types of irrigation practices including sprinkler, drip, furrow, and manual with some taking to no irrigation practice. The main factors influencing market gardeners' practice of irrigation in the face of extreme weather induced water scarcity/insecurity were household income, age of market gardeners, educational level, farm size, number of farm plots, proximity to source of water, gender, water requirement of crop, support from government and NGOs, extension services, access to credit, membership in farming group and membership in common initiative group (CIG). Climate change has therefore induced water insecurity forcing market gardeners to indulge in different irrigation practices all year round in a bid to improve crop productivity and reduce recurrent crop failures. On the basis of these findings, the use of more sustainable irrigation methods in order to conserve water and water resources is recommended as this will go a long way to phase out the problem of water insecurity induced by climate change. Policy makers need to craft and implement favorable policies that encourage more market gardeners to adopt sustainable irrigation practices in the face of climate change induced water scarcity/insecurity.

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Climate Change and Water Security Issues in Africa: Introducing Partnership Procurement for Sustainable Water Projects in Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

Assessing the Role of Irrigation as an Adaptive Measure to Climate Change Induced Water Insecurity: Case Study of the Market Gardening Sector in Parts of the Northwest and West Regions of Cameroon

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