Climate Change and Trophic Response of the Antarctic Bottom Fauna

Aronson, Richard B.; Moody, Ryan M.; Ivany, Linda C.; Blake, Daniel B.; Werner, John E.; Glass, Alexander

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004385

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…This prediction is supported by Finnegan et al [3], who used the metabolic model of Gillooly et al [15] To the degree that lifespan/growth gradients are sensitive to temperature, our data also predict that polar faunas may become more 'escalated' during times of global warmth. Antarctic faunas during the warm Eocene are ecologically more similar to low-latitude assemblages than they become once temperature begins to fall [36]. Comparison of Eocene life-history traits with those from more recent cooler times could test this prediction.…”

Section: Implications For Phanerozoic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan, growth rate, and body size across latitude in marine Bivalvia, with implications for Phanerozoic evolution

Moss¹,

Ivany²,

Judd³

et al. 2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

Self Cite

118

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Mean body size in marine animals has increased more than 100-fold since the Cambrian, a discovery that brings to attention the key life-history parameters of lifespan and growth rate that ultimately determine size. Variation in these parameters is not well understood on the planet today, much less in deep time. Here, we present a new global database of maximum reported lifespan and shell growth coupled with body size data for 1 148 populations of marine bivalves and show that (i) lifespan increases, and growth rate decreases, with latitude, both across the group as a whole and within well-sampled species, (ii) growth rate, and hence metabolic rate, correlates inversely with lifespan, and (iii) opposing trends in lifespan and growth combined with high variance obviate any demonstrable pattern in body size with latitude. Our observations suggest that the proposed increase in metabolic activity and demonstrated increase in body size of organisms over the Phanerozoic should be accompanied by a concomitant shift towards faster growth and/or shorter lifespan in marine bivalves. This prediction, testable from the fossil record, may help to explain one of the more fundamental patterns in the evolutionary and ecological history of animal life on this planet.

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Section: Implications For Phanerozoic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan, growth rate, and body size across latitude in marine Bivalvia, with implications for Phanerozoic evolution

Moss¹,

Ivany²,

Judd³

et al. 2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

Self Cite

118

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show abstract

“…As the number of studies on the biological impacts of OA increase, one pattern that is emerging is that there is variation in the response to OA, something that might not be unexpected given the differences in the habitats, life history strategies and evolutionary history of different taxa (Fabry, 2008;Andersson et al, 2008;Aronson et al, 2009). This diversity of biological responses makes it difficult to make strong predictions about the future impacts of OA and define caps for atmospheric CO 2 emissions to best protect our marine ecosystems.…”

Section: Summary and Linkages To Larval Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic response of sea urchin larvaeStrongylocentrotus purpuratusto CO2-driven seawater acidification

Todgham

Hofmann

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

247

210

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SUMMARYOcean acidification from the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 is expected to have deleterious consequences for many calcifying marine animals. Forecasting the vulnerability of these marine organisms to climate change is linked to an understanding of whether species possess the physiological capacity to compensate for the potentially adverse effects of ocean acidification. We carried out a microarray-based transcriptomic analysis of the physiological response of larvae of a calcifying marine invertebrate, the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, to CO 2 -driven seawater acidification. In lab-based cultures, larvae were raised under conditions approximating current ocean pH conditions (pH 8.01) and at projected, more acidic pH conditions (pH 7.96 and 7.88) in seawater aerated with CO 2 gas. Targeting expression of ~1000 genes involved in several biological processes, this study captured changes in gene expression patterns that characterize the transcriptomic response to CO 2 -driven seawater acidification of developing sea urchin larvae. In response to both elevated CO 2 scenarios, larvae underwent broad scale decreases in gene expression in four major cellular processes: biomineralization, cellular stress response, metabolism and apoptosis. This study underscores that physiological processes beyond calcification are impacted greatly, suggesting that overall physiological capacity and not just a singular focus on biomineralization processes is essential for forecasting the impact of future CO 2 conditions on marine organisms. Conducted on targeted and vulnerable species, genomics-based studies, such as the one highlighted here, have the potential to identify potential 'weak links' in physiological function that may ultimately determine an organism's capacity to tolerate future ocean conditions.

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“…This appears to have induced a significant shift in the assemblage composition of the benthos (Aronson & Blake 2001;Aronson et al 2009), to one that looks remarkably archaic in its make-up. The shift to glacial conditions with the associated reduction in sedimentation will also have been a factor, and distinguishing the relative importance of these is not straightforward (Gili et al 2006).…”

Section: Climate Milankovitch Cycles and Evolutionary Dynamics In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics at high latitudes: speciation and extinction in polar marine faunas

Clarke

Crame

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

122

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Ecologists have long been fascinated by the flora and fauna of extreme environments. Physiological studies have revealed the extent to which lifestyle is constrained by low temperature but there is as yet no consensus on why the diversity of polar assemblages is so much lower than many tropical assemblages. The evolution of marine faunas at high latitudes has been influenced strongly by oceanic cooling during the Cenozoic and the associated onset of continental glaciations. Glaciation eradicated many shallow-water habitats, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, and the cooling has led to widespread extinction in some groups. While environmental conditions at glacial maxima would have been very different from those existing today, fossil evidence indicates that some lineages extend back well into the Cenozoic. Oscillations of the ice-sheet on Milankovitch frequencies will have periodically eradicated and exposed continental shelf habitat, and a full understanding of evolutionary dynamics at high latitude requires better knowledge of the links between the faunas of the shelf, slope and deep-sea. Molecular techniques to produce phylogenies, coupled with further palaeontological work to root these phylogenies in time, will be essential to further progress.

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Climate Change and Trophic Response of the Antarctic Bottom Fauna

Cited by 57 publications

References 37 publications

Lifespan, growth rate, and body size across latitude in marine Bivalvia, with implications for Phanerozoic evolution

Lifespan, growth rate, and body size across latitude in marine Bivalvia, with implications for Phanerozoic evolution

Transcriptomic response of sea urchin larvaeStrongylocentrotus purpuratusto CO2-driven seawater acidification

Evolutionary dynamics at high latitudes: speciation and extinction in polar marine faunas

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