Climate change and the future of the Olympic Winter Games: athlete and coach perspectives

Scott, Daniel; Knowles, Natalie; Ma, Siyao; Rutty, Michelle; Steiger, Robert

doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.2023480

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Örneğin Pekin OOOK neredeyse tamamen yapay kar kullanarak yarışma alanlarını hazır hale getirmiştir (Orr, Dingle, Kellison ve Walker, 2022). Her ne kadar 2022 Pekin örneğinde enerji ihtiyacı tamamen yenilenebilir kaynaklardan sağlanmış olsa da bölgedeki sınırlı su kaynaklarının kar yapımı için kullanılması eleştiri almıştır (Scott, Knowles, Ma, Rutty ve Steiger, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi

2023

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Bu araştırmanın amacı, resmi raporları temel alarak 1994 Lillehammer Kış Olimpiyatları’ndan günümüze, Kış Oyunları düzenleyen Olimpiyat Oyunları Organizasyon Komiteleri’nin (OOOK) karbon ayak izi azaltımına yönelik çevresel sürdürülebilirlik uygulamalarını kategorileştirmek, sonuçlarını değerlendirmek ve bütün paydaşlar için daha anlaşılır hale getirmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden çoklu vaka desenin kullanıldığı araştırmanın vakalarını, 1994 ile 2022 yılları arasında gerçekleşen 8 Kış Olimpiyat Oyunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analiziyle ortaya çıkan karbon ayak iziyle ilişikli toplam 12 kod, 5 kategori altında birleştirilmiştir. Bu kategoriler tablolaştırılarak görsel hale getirilmiş ve örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, OOOK uygulamalarının Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi normlarıyla paralel olarak gerçekleştiği, çeşitlenerek kapsamının genişlediği ve standartlaşmanın giderek arttığı gibi olumlu gelişmeler olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak gerçekleşen uygulamaların ve belirlenen normların, şimdilik dünyanın güncel ihtiyaçlarını ve çevre odağındaki eleştirileri tamamen giderecek etki düzeyine, sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi

2023

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“…All of these activities will face major impacts from the waning of winter, and warming due to the high GHG emissions scenario could exclude national to international-level sporting events from the Adirondacks by the end of this century. For example, a recent study of climatic projections for 21 host cities of former Olympic Winter Games concluded that the extreme emissions scenario would make Lake Placid one of only four sites that still experiences climatic conditions suitable for the games by 2050, and that only Sapporo, Japan, would remain on that list by 2100 [55].…”

Section: Cultural Phenology and Climate In The Adirondacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Once and future changes in climate and phenology within the Adirondack uplands (New York, USA)

2022

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Long-term monitoring of the spring and autumn phenology of five animal species, four plant species, phytoplankton communities, lake temperatures and ice cover on the Paul Smith’s College Phenology Trail in the uplands of the Adirondack State Park (NY, USA) has produced time series spanning 1990–2020 for the biological and water temperature records and 1909–2020 for lake ice. In conjunction with climate records from three nearby weather stations these observations demonstrate that the ice on Lower Saint Regis Lake now thaws one week earlier, on average, than it did in 1909 while the region as a whole warmed by 1.7°C and received 19 cm more precipitation annually. Statistically significant warming trends between 1990 and 2020 were restricted to July and September and therefore contributed to a scarcity of temporal shifts in the spring phenologies of species and lake ice during that shorter time frame, but the lake surface warmed by 1.9°C on average in October. Although most of the phenological records displayed no statistically significant directional change within the 1990–2020 time interval they revealed strong correlations between phenology and monthly air temperatures that are of predictive value. Together with projections from regionally down-scaled climate models these relationships suggest that the phenologies of the species and ice dynamics in question could shift by ca. 1–3 weeks by 2100 depending on the analytical approach used and the magnitude of fossil fuel emissions during this century. As Adirondack winters become shorter and milder before potentially losing snow and ice altogether over the longer term, the unique cultural ecology of the region’s human residents will face profound existential challenges along with the ecosystems and species around them.

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“…As the largest sport mega-event, the Olympics have attracted substantial internationally scholarly attention (Cressey et al, 2016). Subjects covered include, for instance, the major challenges facing the Olympics in terms of costs and overspending (Potts, 2022), governance and corruption (Flyvbjerg et al, 2021), public opposition and fewer willing hosts (Hippke & Krieger, 2015), human rights (Van Rheenen, 2014), equity and inclusivity (de Soysa & Zipp, 2019), sustainability (Mu ¨ller et al, 2021) and climate change (Scott et al, 2022). These challenges have intensified speculation about their future and the need for transformative reform of the Olympics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beijing Winter Olympics is different! Or is it?: integration and revalidation of residents’ mega-event perceptions and support models

Chen

Hall

et al. 2023

IJTC

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Purpose This study aims to integrate and revalidate previously proposed various structural models in understanding residents’ attitudes and behaviors in relation to mega-events before the events. Design/methodology/approach This study focussed on the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and used a questionnaire-based quantitative survey prior these events. A PLS-SEM analysis was run on a sample of 473 residents, in testing relationships between residents’ trust, perceived impacts, support for hosting and subjective well-being. Findings Results revalidate propositions from previous research, but suggest key contextual differences in light of biosecurity risks. Residents’ perceived positive (cultural) and negative (environmental) impacts affect their support for mega-events, and their perceived positive (economic and cultural) and negative (social) impacts affect their subjective well-being. Variances in the relationships were found for those who perceive a high biosecurity risk. Research limitations/implications The data were collected from one mega-event, and thus the findings of this study are highly contextualized. Practical implications This research suggest that mega-event organizers should put effort into promoting the benefits of hosting mega-events and work collaboratively with stakeholders to reduce potential negative costs and risks as well as increase resident well-being via bringing in economic and cultural benefits. Social implications This research focusses on social well-being during and post COVID in relation to the hosting of a mega-event. Originality/value The data were collected from the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, a mega-event that, because of COVID-19 and restricted spectator flows, potentially had characteristics quite different from that of other Winter Olympics or sporting mega-events.

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Climate change and the future of the Olympic Winter Games: athlete and coach perspectives

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi

Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi

Once and future changes in climate and phenology within the Adirondack uplands (New York, USA)

The Beijing Winter Olympics is different! Or is it?: integration and revalidation of residents’ mega-event perceptions and support models

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