Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City

Ngo, Nicole S.; Horton, Radley M.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The development of fetus also depends on multiple genetic factors and environmental exposure derived from the mother, such as poor nutritional status, poor living environment, and infectious diseases [7]. Therefore, they will be vulnerable to the environmental effects of climate change [8, 9]. Increasing heat events from climate change could reduce 1.7–1.8 g birth weight which could vary by socioeconomic strata as revealed by a recent study in the USA [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they will be vulnerable to the environmental effects of climate change [8, 9]. Increasing heat events from climate change could reduce 1.7–1.8 g birth weight which could vary by socioeconomic strata as revealed by a recent study in the USA [9]. Physical activity (paid work or work in the household) until shortly before the delivery is a common phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries [10], which might lead to increased vulnerability for changes in external temperature that sometimes result in serious changes in core body temperature [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBirth weight and length have seasonal fluctuations. However, it is uncertain which meteorological element has an effect on birth outcomes and which timing of pregnancy would explain such effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine temperature effects during pregnancy and which timing of pregnancy has effects on size at birth.MethodsA large, randomized, controlled trial of food and micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIMat Study), where women were enrolled from November 2001 to October 2003. The fetal growth data which included the size at birth and information of their mothers were obtained (n = 3267). Meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and daily sunshine hours during pregnancy were observed at the nearest observatory site of Bangladesh Meteorological Department.ResultsInfants born in colder months (November–January) were shorter than those born in hot and dry, and monsoon months (mean (SD) of birth length was 47.5 cm (2.2) vs. 47.8 cm (2.1) vs. 47.9 cm (2.1) respectively; P < 0.001). Increased temperature during the last month of pregnancy was significantly related with increased birth length with adjustment for gestational weeks and the season at birth, and remained significant with further adjustments for precipitation, sex of infants, maternal early-pregnancy BMI, parity, and education status of the mother (P < 0.01). On the other hand, increased temperature at mid-gestation was associated with increased birth weight (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that temperature affects both birth weight and length. The more temperature increased at the last month of pregnancy, birth length became longer. For birth weight, the temperature at mid-pregnancy affected in a positive way.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41182-016-0041-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, recent studies indicate that it is not only traditional chemical pollutants present in an urban atmosphere which can influence these adverse birth outcomes, but that other environmental variables, such as traffic noise [13,17,18,32] and temperature in heat and cold waves [16,18,33,34], may also be related to both PTB and LBW. Although the respective biological mechanisms whereby traffic noise and ambient temperature increase the impact on LBW are not clear, there is epidemiological evidence to link them to LBW in the short term [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Low Weight in Non-Premature Births: A Time Series Analysis

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveExposure to pollutants during pregnancy has been related to adverse birth outcomes. LBW can give rise to lifelong impairments. Prematurity is the leading cause of LBW, yet few studies have attempted to analyse how environmental factors can influence LBW in infants who are not premature. This study therefore sought to analyse the influence of air pollution, noise levels and temperature on LBW in non-premature births in Madrid during the period 2001–2009.MethodsEcological time-series study to assess the impact of PM2.5, NO2 and O3 concentrations, noise levels, and temperatures on LBW among non-premature infants across the period 2001–2009. Our analysis extended to infants having birth weights of 1,500 g to 2,500 g (VLBW) and less than 1,500 g (ELBW). Environmental variables were lagged until 37 weeks with respect to the date of birth, and cross-correlation functions were used to identify explaining lags. Results were quantified using Poisson regression models.ResultsAcross the study period 298,705 births were registered in Madrid, 3,290 of which had LBW; of this latter total, 1,492 were non-premature. PM2.5 was the only pollutant to show an association with the three variables of LBW in non-premature births. This association occurred at around the third month of gestation for LBW and VLBW (LBW: lag 23 and VLBW: lag 25), and at around the eighth month of gestation for ELBW (lag 6). Leqd was linked to LBW at lag zero. The RR of PM2.5 on LBW was 1.01 (1.00 1.03). The RR of Leqd on LBW was 1.09 (0.99 1.19)(p<0.1).ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that PM2.5 had influence on LBW. The adoption of measures aimed at reducing the number of vehicles would serve to lower pregnant women's exposure. In the case of noise should be limited the exposure to high levels during the final weeks of pregnancy.

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“…Firstly, the dataset analysed is quite small compared to many recent studies that were conducted in New York [18], China [31], Spain [28], Brisbane [23] and Rome [16]. Alice Springs is a small town, with average births around 1.65 per day at the Alice Springs Hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, findings from international studies on the effects of maternal exposure to heat stress on preterm delivery are variable. While some studies report a significantly higher risk of preterm birth with an increase in ambient temperature [9,12,13,14,15,16,17], other studies report no significant associations [18,19,20,21]. It is biologically plausible that increased ambient temperature leads to an increased risk of preterm delivery due to changes in the thermoregulatory capacities of pregnant women caused by their increased body mass beyond 20 weeks of gestation and increased metabolic rates [9,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Effects of Ambient Temperature on Pre-Term Birth in Central Australia

Mathew

Mathur

Chang

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Preterm birth (born before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is one of the leading causes of death among children under 5 years of age. Several recent studies have examined the association between extreme temperature and preterm births, but there have been almost no such studies in arid Australia. In this paper, we explore the potential association between exposures to extreme temperatures during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy in a Central Australian town. An immediate effect of temperature exposure is observed with an increased relative risk of 1%–2% when the maximum temperature exceeded the 90th percentile of the summer season maximum temperature data. Delayed effects are also observed closer to 3 weeks before delivery when the relative risks tend to increase exponentially. Immediate risks to preterm birth are also observed for cold temperature exposures (0 to –6 °C), with an increased relative risk of up to 10%. In the future, Central Australia will face more hot days and less cold days due to climate change and hence the risks posed by extreme heat is of particular relevance to the community and health practitioners.

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Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size

Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size

Effect of Environmental Factors on Low Weight in Non-Premature Births: A Time Series Analysis

Examining the Effects of Ambient Temperature on Pre-Term Birth in Central Australia

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