Climate change and energy implications of gas flaring for Nigeria

Nwanya, Stephen C.

doi:10.1093/ijlct/ctr007

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…From an economic perspective, the flaring and venting of petroleum-associated gas is a colossal waste to the communities when most of the household are using firewood (fuel-wood) as fuel for cooking. If natural gas flared at various oil facilities in the Niger Delta are put to domestic uses, the energy resource would have provided significant amount of energy sourced from fuel-wood in Nigeria [72] and would have help reduce deforestation linked to fuel-wood consumption. Gas flaring and venting is among the major problem associated with oil exploration and production activities in the Niger Delta, which have not been effectively regulated and impacts negatively on the environment, health, physiology and psychology of the host communities.…”

Section: Socio-economic Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Flaring and Venting Associated with Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta

Ite¹,

Ibok²

2013

ENV

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Global flaring and venting of petroleum-associated gas is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and airborne contaminants that has proven difficult to mitigate over the years. In the petroleum industry, poor efficiency in the flare systems often result in incomplete combustion which produces a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and inorganic contaminants. Over the past fifty years, gas flaring and venting associated with petroleum exploration and production in the Nigeria's Niger Delta has continue to generate complex consequences in terms of energy, human health, natural environment, socioeconomic environment and sustainable development. In some oil-producing host communities, most flaring and ventingsystems are located in close proximity to residential areas and/or farmlands; and the resultant emissions potentially contribute to global warming as well as somelocal and/or regional adverse environmental impacts.There are emerging facts in an attempt to understand the effect of flaring and venting practices and the complex interactions of thermal pollution, organic and inorganic contaminants emission in the environment. This review discusses environmental contamination, adverse human health consequences, socioeconomic problems, degradation of host communities and other associated impacts of flaring and venting of associated gas in the petroleum industry in the Niger Delta. Effective understanding of the overall impact of associated gas flaring and venting in the petroleum industry is important for effective management of the energy resources, environmental risk mitigation, implementation of good governanceand sustainable development.

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Section: Socio-economic Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Flaring and Venting Associated with Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta

Ite¹,

Ibok²

2013

ENV

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“…where, fuel MM -molecular mass of the fuel (gas stream). Equation 2used is an attempt to check the percentage correlation by this research and that proposed by [20].…”

Section: Estimation Of Carbon (Iv) Oxidementioning

confidence: 88%

“…To estimate the amount of Carbon (IV) Oxide and water vapour the equation by [20], is used, and is expressed as:…”

Section: Estimation Of Carbon (Iv) Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Environmental Assessment of Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

James¹,

Hart²,

Nkoi³

2018

JPEE

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This paper discusses the thermodynamic and environmental assessment of flared gases in an oil field. The oil field for the case study is located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The data required for this report were obtained during a nine-year period (2008-2016), which revealed production volumes, flared volumes, operating temperatures and pressures, gas compositions, gas density, and flow rates. With the data and the aid of fundamental thermodynamic equations and MATLAB program codes, analysis was carried out on combustion to ascertain the amount of flue gases. Analyses revealed that a total of 1.99175 × 10 11 standard cubic feet of gas was flared during the said period, generating anthropogenics estimated at 582,319,618.1825 m 3 (≈1.046 Mt) of CO 2 , 1,077,510,054.31 m 3 (≈2.0 Mt) of water vapour, 14,960,560.91 m 3 of methane emitted and contaminated the atmosphere creating serious environmental concerns. Further analyses also showed that the approximate adiabatic flame temperature is about 1965˚C for the field under investigation. Exergy analyses carried out also revealed that a total of 3.6099 × 10 13 kJ (36.099 TJ) of exergy was available which would have translated to 1.0189 × 10 10 kWh of electrical energy for the period under investigation. Conclusively, some measures that can be taken to prevent gas flaring are that every new project on oil and gas should incorporate technical details of gas gathering and utilization plan at the conceptual and design phases of projects for gas commercialization, establishment of more gas-to-power project for gas utilization. Also Carbon capture technology should be enhanced, although the best option is flaring out based on the astronomical amount of carbon (IV) oxide and other greenhouse gases depicted by the results. The entire work and results showed that gas flaring is undesired and pernicious because it has thermal, environmental and economic consequences.

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“…The CO2 emissions have through a complex relationship formed with other anthropogenic gases reduced the capacity of the atmosphere to filter out the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiations, thus causing climate change [3]. Given the aforementioned causative factors, understanding the complex climate change, its concept or solution requires a trans-disciplinarity interpretation.…”

Section: Volcanic Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Perspectives of Energy Production Systems and Climate Change Risks in Nigeria

Nwanya¹

2013

Climate Change - Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks

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Climate change and energy implications of gas flaring for Nigeria

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Gas Flaring and Venting Associated with Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta

Gas Flaring and Venting Associated with Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta

Thermodynamic and Environmental Assessment of Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Study on Perspectives of Energy Production Systems and Climate Change Risks in Nigeria

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