Climate change and altered fire regimes: impacts on plant populations, species, and ecosystems in both hemispheres

Harvey, Brian; Enright, Neal J.

doi:10.1007/s11258-022-01248-3

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In addition to explaining what a fire regime is and how it may be changed in each of these three distinct ecosystem types, this part presents the ideas of fire-dependent, firesensitive, and fire-independent ecosystems [4,59]. To successfully preserve biodiversity, it is necessary to understand the effects of changing fire regimes on ecosystems and people.…”

Section: Fire In Ecosystems and Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvey and Enright [59] revealed that plant damage from fire is also determined by the intensity of the fire, which is affected by the rangeland's topography, the general quantity, as well as the distribution and dryness of the fuel, the weather, and soil moisture. According to Turbé et al [29], the needed intensity of the fire is less than 1000 KJ/s/m if the goal of burning the rangeland is to remove moribund material.…”

Section: Fire Effects On Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Harvey and Enright [59], burning organic matter results in the production of carbonates and oxidants, which results in an alkaline reaction. Due to the high levels of acidity in the soil, thick humus layers hold enormous quantities of nutrients yet are unreachable [9].…”

Section: Fire and Soil Nutrients And Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

Kalfas,

Kalogiannidis,

Chatzitheodoridis

et al. 2024

Fire

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In forested ecosystems all over the world, usually, fire is the main disturbance, and due to global climate change, its effects are worsening in many areas. Although fire impacts have been studied for many years, integrative analyses of their effects on various ecosystem services (ES) at different scales are uncommon. This study tries to assess the ecological role of fire in a changing environment, focusing on a Mediterranean country. Data were collected by the use of an online questionnaire in Greece, where the summer fires in the last decades have had significant impacts on the environment and the economy and, in many cases, there were many human and animal victims from them. The sample size of the survey was 384 workers in the primary production sector from all over the country. The study showed that fire has several effects on animal husbandry, the quality of soil nutrients and fertility, the overall vegetation cover, and on general biodiversity. It seems that the degree to which fire has an effect on ecosystem components depends on the intensity, frequency, and length of the fires. Additionally, the frequency, intensity, and length of fire affect the impacts of fire on herbaceous plant, woody vegetation, soil physical qualities, and on the different animals’ habitats.

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Section: Fire In Ecosystems and Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Effects On Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

Kalfas,

Kalogiannidis,

Chatzitheodoridis

et al. 2024

Fire

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“…Wildfires play a major role in global carbon (C) cycles and are on the rise in many regions as climate change makes vegetation more susceptible to burning (Giglio et al., 2013; Halofsky et al., 2020; Harvey & Enright, 2022). Geography, climate conditions, human disturbance, and plant community composition shape regional fire regimes (Bond, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds

Spiegel,

Mladenov,

Wall

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfire frequency and severity, influencing terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles at broad spatial and temporal scales. The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestrial deposition and the influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plants into nearby aquatic systems, resulting in the darkening of water color. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire (burned vs. unburned plant biomass) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation (biological vs. photochemical) and DOM composition in 400 L freshwater ponds using a gradient experimental design. DOC concentration increased nonlinearly with plant biomass loading in both treatments, with overall higher concentrations (>56 mg/L) in the unburned treatment shortly after plant addition. We also observed nonlinear trends in fluorescence and UV‐visible absorbance spectroscopic indices as a function of fire treatment and plant biomass, such as greater humification and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (a proxy for aromatic DOM) over time. DOM humification occurred gradually over time with less humification in the burned treatment compared to the unburned treatment. Both burned and unburned biomass released noncolored, low molecular weight carbon compounds that were rapidly consumed by microbes. DOC decomposition exhibited a unimodal relationship with plant biomass, with microbes contributing more to DOC loss than photodegradation at intermediate biomass levels (100–300 g). Our findings demonstrate that the quantity of plant biomass leads to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM in experimental ponds that are altered by fire, indicating how disturbances interactively affect DOM processing and its role in aquatic environments.

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A remote-sensing assessment of oak forest recovery after postfire restoration

Lopes

Dias

Fernandes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Mediterranean Europe is witnessing an increase in extreme wildfire events, which has led to increasing socioeconomic and ecological impacts. Postfire restoration emerges as an important tool for impact mitigation and ecosystem recovery. However, there is a large knowledge gap on the ecological effects of such interventions. We used remote sensing to assess the impacts of postfire restoration on the recovery of deciduous oak forests in Portugal, based on a total of 3013 sampling points in areas with and without postfire intervention. We quantified the vegetation index NDVI as a proxy of oak forest recovery for a period of 4 years after the fire, for fire events that occurred in 2016 and 2017. Temporal changes in NDVI were modelled with a Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM), as a function of postfire restoration, fire characteristics (burn severity, number of fires, and time since fire), topography (aspect, elevation, and slope) and postfire drought events (PDSI).Results: The fitted model accounted for 26.4% of NDVI variance. The model showed a significant positive effect of postfire restoration on NDVI recovery over time, although with a minor effect; it also showed a negative effect of severe drought and a positive effect of severe wetness on NDVI recovery. Regarding fire characteristics, low and high burn severities showed a positive effect on recovery, while moderate burn severity levels showed a null effect. Number of fires showed an increasingly negative effect on recovery, until a maximum of 6 fires.Conclusions: Oak forest recovery was positively affected by postfire restoration, although this effect was small and likely limited by lack of available data. On the contrary, oak forest recovery was negatively affected by increased drought severity but its relation with fire characteristics varied with thresholds of burn severity levels and number of fires. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring the effects of postfire restoration on forest recovery, in order to improve knowledge on postfire forest management and species adaptation. This becomes even more relevant under forecasted scenarios of increased wildfire frequency and severity interacting with other climate-driven disturbances, which will further impact the capacity of forest recovery in the future.

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Climate change and altered fire regimes: impacts on plant populations, species, and ecosystems in both hemispheres

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds

A remote-sensing assessment of oak forest recovery after postfire restoration

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