Climate change affects the spread of typhoid pathogens

Jia, Chenghao; Cao, Qianzhe; Wang, Zining; van den Dool, Annemieke; Yue, Min

doi:10.1111/1751-7915.14417

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the upcoming treats of climate change (e.g. floods and extreme weather…) will enhance the spread of pathogens and put a strain on surface water availability (Jia et al., 2024 ; Leveque et al., 2021 ). As these consequences of climate change might limit water availability, accurate and fast water quality monitoring techniques to monitor all types of water (drinking water, surface water, …) will be detrimental.…”

Section: ‘Old’ Meets ‘New’: the Future Of Drinking Water Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial drinking water monitoring now and in the future

Pluym,

Waegenaar,

De Gusseme

et al. 2024

Microbial Biotechnology

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Over time, humanity has addressed microbial water contamination in various ways. Historically, individuals resorted to producing beer to combat the issue. Fast forward to the 19th century, and we witnessed a scientific approach by Robert Koch. His groundbreaking gelatine plating method aimed to identify and quantify bacteria, with a proposed limit of 100 colony‐forming units per millilitre (CFU/mL) to avoid Cholera outbreaks. Despite considerable advancements in plating techniques through experimentation with media compositions and growth temperatures, the reliance on a century‐old method for water safety remains the state‐of‐the‐art. Even though most countries succeed in producing qualitative water at the end of the production centres, it is difficult to control, and guarantee, the same quality during distribution. Rather than focusing solely on specific sampling points, we propose a holistic examination of the entire water network to ensure comprehensive safety. Current practices leave room for uncertainties, especially given the low concentrations of pathogens. Innovative methods like flow cytometry and flow cytometric fingerprinting offer the ability to detect changes in the microbiome of drinking water. Additionally, molecular techniques and emerging sequencing technologies, such as third‐generation sequencing (MinION), mark a significant leap forward, enhancing detection limits and emphasizing the identification of unwanted genes rather than the unwanted bacteria/microorganisms itself. Over the last decades, there has been the realization that the drinking water distribution networks are complex ecosystems that, beside bacteria, comprise of viruses, protozoans and even isopods. Sequencing techniques to find eukaryotic DNA are necessary to monitor the entire microbiome of the drinking water distribution network. Or will artificial intelligence, big data and machine learning prove to be the way to go for (microbial) drinking water monitoring? In essence, it is time to transcend century‐old practices and embrace modern technologies to ensure the safety of our drinking water from production to consumption.

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Section: ‘Old’ Meets ‘New’: the Future Of Drinking Water Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial drinking water monitoring now and in the future

Pluym,

Waegenaar,

De Gusseme

et al. 2024

Microbial Biotechnology

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Impact of COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions on diarrheal diseases and zoonotic Salmonella

Huang,

Zhou,

Chen

et al. 2024

hLife

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Association of Weather Variables With Pathogens Contributing to Conjunctivitis Worldwide

Yan,

Prajna,

Lalitha

et al. 2024

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Purpose To identify weather variables associated with pathogens contributing to infectious conjunctivitis globally. Methods Sample collection and pathogen identification from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis was performed from 2017 to 2023. We linked pathogens identified from 13 sites across 8 countries with publicly available weather data by geographic coordinates. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity exposures, and the prevalence of infection types (RNA virus, DNA virus, bacteria, and fungus). Results 498 cases from the United States, India, Nepal, Thailand, Burkina Faso, Niger, Vietnam, and Israel were included in the analysis. 8-day average precipitation (mm) was associated with increased odds of RNA virus infection (odds ratio (OR)=1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12 to 1.93, P=0.01) and decreased odds of DNA infection (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.82, P<0.001). Relative humidity (%) was associated with increased odds of RNA virus infections (OR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.51 to 4.61, P<0.001), and fungal infections (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.66, P=0.01), but decreased odds of DNA virus (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.90, P=0.02) and bacterial infections (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.71, P<0.001). Temperature (°C) was not associated with ocular infections for any pathogen type. Conclusions This study suggests that weather factors affect pathogens differently. Particularly, humidity and precipitation were predictors for pathogens contributing to conjunctivitis worldwide. Additional work is needed to clarify the effects of shifts in weather and environmental factors on ocular infectious diseases.

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Climate change affects the spread of typhoid pathogens

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Microbial drinking water monitoring now and in the future

Microbial drinking water monitoring now and in the future

Impact of COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions on diarrheal diseases and zoonotic Salmonella

Association of Weather Variables With Pathogens Contributing to Conjunctivitis Worldwide

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