Climate change adaptation of the tourism sector in the Bolivian Andes

Kaenzig, Raoul; Rebetez, Martine; Serquet, Gaëlle

doi:10.1080/14616688.2016.1144642

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A ski lift was installed on the slopes in the late 1930s and regular skiing competitions were held on the mountain, with tour operators offering day-trips to the mountain to ski on the world's highest ski slopes (Kaenzig et al, 2016). With the complete disappearance of the glacier in 2009, the situation changed, as skiing is no longer possible.…”

Section: Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The easy access from La Paz, its 360°panorama and its ideal elevation to acclimate for high altitude climbing, however, have maintained the attractiveness for tourists despite the disappearance of the glacier. Some have even suggested creating a climate change museum at the summit and using the disappearance of the glacier as an attraction to draw tourists to the site, allowing them to witness the rapid changes that are occurring (Kaenzig et al, 2016). While clearly not applicable directly to all other sites, the cases of Chacaltaya and Pastoruri offer a glimpse of possible ways for the tourism industry to adapt and potentially diversify its portfolio toward additional activities besides skiing or mountaineering.…”

Section: Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

250

213

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Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. Projected future glacier shrinkage, however, will lead to a long-term reduction in dry season river discharge from glacierized catchments. This glacier retreat is closely related to the observed increase in high-elevation, surface air temperature in the region. Future projections using a simple freezing level height-equilibrium-line altitude scaling approach suggest that glaciers in the inner tropics, such as Antizana in Ecuador, may be most vulnerable to future warming while glaciers in the more arid outer tropics, such as Zongo in Bolivia, may persist, albeit in a smaller size, throughout the 21st century regardless of emission scenario. Nonetheless many uncertainties persist, most notably problems with accurate snowfall measurements in the glacier accumulation zone, uncertainties in establishing accurate thickness measurements on glaciers, unknown future changes associated with local-scale circulation and cloud cover affecting glacier energy balance, the role of aerosols and in particular black carbon deposition on Andean glaciers, and the role of groundwater and aquifers interacting with glacier meltwater.The reduction in water supply for export-oriented agriculture, mining, hydropower production and human consumption are the most commonly discussed concerns associated with glacier retreat, but many other aspects including glacial hazards, tourism and recreation, and ecosystem integrity are also affected by glacier retreat. Social and political problems surrounding water allocation for subsistence farming have led to conflicts due to lack of adequate water governance. Local water management practices in many regions reflect cultural belief systems, perceptions and spiritual values and glacier retreat in some places is seen as a threat to these local livelihoods.Comprehensive adaptation strategies, if they are to be successful, therefore need to consider science, policy, culture and practice, and involve local populations. Planning needs to be based not only on future scenarios derived from physically-based numerical models, but must also consider societal needs, economic agendas, political conflicts, socioeconomic inequality and cultural values. This review elaborates on the need for adaptation as well as the challenges and constraints many adaptation projects are faced with, and lays out future directions where opportunities exist to develop successful, culturally acceptable and sustainable adaptation strategies.

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Section: Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

250

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Impacts of glacier recession on the tourism sector have often been underestimated in discussions about climate change and glacier loss throughout the tropics [198], despite that many recreational activities are associated with the snow-covered mountains. The cordilleras of Peru have received increasing attention from mountain climbers from all over the world for the last 30 years, and the associated infrastructure in the form of hotels, resorts, and transportation boomed during this period [165,199].…”

Section: Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glacier disappearances and recessions resulting in reduced water resources have previously been related to conflicts [206,207] and migrations of human populations [198,208]. Conflicts may arise at different levels and scales, for example, between countries, among communities, or between a community and a hydroelectric company, particularly when a dependency on glacier meltwater in a region with highly seasonal precipitation exists [209].…”

Section: Conflicts and Migrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Disappearance of Tropical Mountain Glaciers: Observations, Causes, and Challenges

Veettil

Kamp

2019

Geosciences

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This article reviews the current status of tropical glaciers in the South American Andes, East Africa, and Australasia by shedding light on past, present, and future glacier coverage in the tropics, the influence of global and regional climates on the tropical glaciers, the regional importance of these glaciers, and challenges of ongoing glacier recessions. While tropical glaciers have predominantly receded since the Little Ice Age, the rate of shrinkage has accelerated since the late 1970s as a result of climate changes. As a result, socio-ecological implications occur around ecosystem health, natural hazards, freshwater resources, agriculture, hydropower, mining, human and animal health, traditions and spirituality, and peace.

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“…The study tried to show the suitability of this approach to elucidate the interactions between different stakeholders as an alternative way to find adaptation measures. Beyond the analysis of adaptation measures, other studies analyzed radical adaptation measures such as totally transforming the ski activity into another one (e.g., [29]), while others (e.g., Kaján et al [30]) focused on the costs of adaptation measures on nature-based winter tourism. Mulec and Wise [31] focused on sustainable tourism opportunities respective of local conditions and communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Adaptation of Alpine Ski Tourism in Spain

Rodrigues

Puig

Ventosa

2018

Climate

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Mountain ecosystems are considered to be vulnerable to climate change, with potential detrimental effects including the reduction of the snow seasons, the gradual retreat of glaciers, and changes in water storage and availability. One vulnerable sector to climate change is winter tourism, with some resorts likely to experience a significant reduction in the length of the skiing seasons and snow recreation areas throughout this century. This study assessed the vulnerability of 31 Spanish alpine ski resorts to climate change and evaluated the potential socio-economic and environmental implications of several adaptation measures. Results show that lower-altitude areas such as the Cantabrian Mountains and the Iberian System could be more vulnerable to climate change than higher-altitude areas of the Catalan Pyrenees or the Penibaetic System. Adaptation initiatives may include, inter alia, the production of artificial snow, the protection and conservation of the snow coverage area, and the diversification of recreation activities offered during the whole year. The study concludes that the design and implementation of adaptation strategies have to be adequate to the level of vulnerability associated with each resort as well as minimize their potential socio-economic and environmental costs.

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Climate change adaptation of the tourism sector in the Bolivian Andes

Cited by 44 publications

References 34 publications

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Global Disappearance of Tropical Mountain Glaciers: Observations, Causes, and Challenges

Climate Change Adaptation of Alpine Ski Tourism in Spain

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