“…Studies have been carried out since the 1990s reporting misconceptions about global warming (i.e., Boyes and Stanisstreet, 1992;Groves and Pugh, 1996;Khalid, 2001;Kilinc et al, 2008) and some other studies on both detecting and eliminating misconceptions (i.e., Heng et al, 2017;Karpudewan et al, 2015;Meadows and Wiesenmayer, 1999). It can be inferred that global warming might be an underestimated or a highly abstract topic in science education, as Groves and Pugh (1996) proposed before.…”