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“…Second, the multi-layered approach would allow considering horizontal and vertical interactions while bridging levels of governance from global to local (Biermann and Pattberg 2012;Gupta et al 2007). The explicit entrenchment of global commitments with national or sub-national priorities and actions would also foster knowledge production and transfer, while easing the identification of new policy options.…”
Targets are widely employed in environmental governance. In this paper, we investigate the construction of the 2°C climate target, one of the best known targets in global environmental governance. Our paper examines this target through a historical reconstruction that identifies four different phases: framing, consolidation and diffusion, adoption, and disembeddedness. Our analysis shows that, initially, the target was science-driven and predominantly EU-based; it then became progressively accepted at the international level, despite a lack of broader debate among governments on the policy implications and required measures for implementation. Once the 2°C target was endorsed at the level of the United Nations, the nature of the target changed from being policy-prescriptive to being largely symbolic. In this phase, the target became a disembedded object in global governance not linked to a shared agenda nor to coordinated and mutually binding mitigation efforts. The 2015 Paris Agreement marks the last stage in this development and may have further solidified the target as a disembedded object. In the final part of the paper, we suggest ways to overcome the current situation and to develop the 2°C target into a fully fledged global environmental governance target.
“…Second, the multi-layered approach would allow considering horizontal and vertical interactions while bridging levels of governance from global to local (Biermann and Pattberg 2012;Gupta et al 2007). The explicit entrenchment of global commitments with national or sub-national priorities and actions would also foster knowledge production and transfer, while easing the identification of new policy options.…”
Targets are widely employed in environmental governance. In this paper, we investigate the construction of the 2°C climate target, one of the best known targets in global environmental governance. Our paper examines this target through a historical reconstruction that identifies four different phases: framing, consolidation and diffusion, adoption, and disembeddedness. Our analysis shows that, initially, the target was science-driven and predominantly EU-based; it then became progressively accepted at the international level, despite a lack of broader debate among governments on the policy implications and required measures for implementation. Once the 2°C target was endorsed at the level of the United Nations, the nature of the target changed from being policy-prescriptive to being largely symbolic. In this phase, the target became a disembedded object in global governance not linked to a shared agenda nor to coordinated and mutually binding mitigation efforts. The 2015 Paris Agreement marks the last stage in this development and may have further solidified the target as a disembedded object. In the final part of the paper, we suggest ways to overcome the current situation and to develop the 2°C target into a fully fledged global environmental governance target.
“…In practical terms, our results shown that multilevel governance has become the sine qua non condition of urban climate initiatives, as also noted by many studies Alber and Kern, 2008 ;Betsill, and Bulkeley, 2006 ;Gupta et al, 2007 ;Kern, 2010 ;Scanu, 2014 ;Vasi, 2007). In fact, if it is true that cities have powers and competencies, these do not allow cities to address the full range of climate change aspects.…”
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confidence: 83%
“…Finally, the notion of multilevel climate governance has a normative dimension that frames the battle against climate change as a multidimensional, "glocal" problem, insofar as it requires joint and coordinated efforts from local, regional, national and supranational bodies (Amundsen et al, 2010 ;Corfee-Morlot, et al, 2009 ;Gupta et al, 2007). As Adger and colleagues (2005) remark of adaptation, actions that seem appropriate at a given scale may be inappropriate at another.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…Interventions in the waste management sector might include promotion of recycling, or installation of equipment for the transformation of waste into energy. Generally, municipalities control this sector directly (Gupta et al, 2007 ;Massetti, 2007 ;Robinsons and Gore, 2005) 17 Finally, with respect to the participative dimension, urban climate governance unfolds with the support of a plurality of stakeholders (Juhola, 2013 ;Sippel and Jenssen, 2009). These include representatives from civil society, epistemic actors, private sector and the state (various levels of government).…”
Cities the world over are tackling climate change, even when their national governments are largely inactive in this area. Which factors trigger their implication? Through which kinds of policies do cities become engaged in this issue? Based on previous studies and on urban and multilevel governance theoretical frameworks, this article suggests some answers. An original analytical grid is developed and used to compare two cases in Canada and Italy. The results confirm that the way in which municipalities respond to climate change largely depends on their local and multilevel contexts, as well as on the potential benefits of climate action.Nombreuses sont les villes qui agissent face aux changements climatiques, cela même si leurs gouvernements nationaux sont plutôt inactifs à cet égard. Quels sont les facteurs qui déterminent cette implication ? Quelles sortes de politiques découlent de cette implication ? Afin de fournir quelques pistes de réponse à ces questions, l’article s’appuie sur la littérature relative à la gouvernance urbaine et multiniveau et sur une grille analytique servant à comparer deux cas, au Canada et en Italie. Les résultats confirment que la façon dont les villes répondent aux changements climatiques dépend autant de leurs contextes locaux et multiniveaux, que des bénéfices potentiels de l’action climatique
“…However, Gupta et al [15] suggest that local municipalities are often able to establish more ambitious goals and policies than national governments, which is particularly evident in regards to climate governance. Furthermore, the goals and policies of city-regions related to the bio-economy can be framed through climate governance, which can help to mobilise actors and coordinate diverse interests.…”
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyse and discuss the key governance challenges for the emerging Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) in Europe focusing on bioenergy, particularly biofuels for transport and the biorefinery concept. This paper is based on a literature review, discussions with European researchers and practitioners, and questionnaires of bioenergy industry associations. The growing bio-economy and bioenergy in Europe face a host of socio-technical issues that comprise a mix of technological, economic, social, political, environmental, regulatory and cultural aspects. More specifically, this research work highlights three key governance challenges of increasing relevance for the bio-economy, including: the important role of public-private networks; city-regions as drivers for the KBBE, especially through climate governance; and consumer-citizens and NGOs as key players in the development of the bio-economy.
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