Climate Change. A Global Threat to Cardiopulmonary Health

Rice, Mary B.; Thurston, George D.; Balmes, John R.; Pinkerton, Kent E.

doi:10.1164/rccm.201310-1924pp

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Increased exposures to aeroallergens are also projected because of lengthened growing seasons and increased production of pollen. 139 Thus, improved understanding of pollutant exposure-allergy interactions will be needed to address the expected increased risk of asthma exacerbations from the confluence of these effects of climate change.…”

Section: Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor air pollution and asthma

2014

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Traffic and power generation are the main sources of urban air pollution. The idea that outdoor air pollution can cause exacerbations of pre-existing asthma is supported by an evidence base that has been accumulating for several decades, with several studies suggesting a contribution to new-onset asthma as well. In this Series paper, we discuss the effects of particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide), and mixed traffic-related air pollution. We focus on clinical studies, both epidemiological and experimental, published in the previous 5 years. From a mechanistic perspective, air pollutants probably cause oxidative injury to the airways, leading to inflammation, remodelling, and increased risk of sensitisation. Although several pollutants have been linked to new-onset asthma, the strength of the evidence is variable. We also discuss clinical implications, policy issues, and research gaps relevant to air pollution and asthma.

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Section: Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor air pollution and asthma

2014

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“…Climate change and air quality are also closely related. Recent data suggest that climate change is associated with elevations of both ozone and PM in the atmosphere[8]. …”

Section: Influences In the Distribution Of Today’s Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary health effects of air pollution

Kurt

Zhang

Pinkerton

2016

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Self Cite

367

212

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Purpose of the review Air pollution continues to be a major public health concern affecting nine out of ten individuals living in urban areas worldwide. Exposure to air pollution is the ninth leading risk factor for cardiopulmonary mortality. The aim of this review is to examine the current literature for the most recent updates on health effects of specific air pollutants and their impact on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and respiratory infection. Recent findings A total of 53 publications were reviewed to establish new insights as to how air pollution is associated with pulmonary morbidity and mortality. Considerable past evidence suggests that air pollution is an important factor that enhances pulmonary disease, while also causing greater harm in susceptible populations, such as children, the elderly and those of low socio-economic status worldwide. Asthma, COPD, lung cancer and respiratory infections all seem to be exacerbated due to exposure to a variety of environmental air pollutants with the greatest effects due to particulate matter (PM), ozone and nitrogen oxides. New publications reviewed reaffirm these findings. Summary Continued vigilence will be essential to lessen the effects of air pollution on human health and pulmonary disease. Cooperation at a multi-national level will be required on the part of governments, industry, energy-based enterprises and the public working together to solve our air quality issues at the local, national and global level.

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“…While in Canada, approximately one third of all particulate emissions came from forest fires (Rittmaster et al, 2006). Recent American Thoracic Society reports highlight the growing interest in understanding the impact of climate change on human health, including better understanding how climate change will affect human exposures to respiratory irritants (Pinkerton et al, 2012; Rice et al, 2014). Changes in land cover and in policies concerning fire control and surveillance further complicate future projections of wildfire emissions estimates, however many aspects of climate change are directly related to wildfire risk, including temperature and drought (Flannigan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfire smoke exposure and human health: Significant gaps in research for a growing public health issue

Black

Tesfaigzi

Bassein

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

248

186

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Understanding the effect of wildfire smoke exposure on human health represents a unique interdisciplinary challenge to the scientific community. Population health studies indicate that wildfire smoke is a risk to human health and increases the healthcare burden of smoke-impacted areas. However, wildfire smoke composition is complex and dynamic, making characterization and modeling difficult. Furthermore, current efforts to study the effect of wildfire smoke are limited by availability of air quality measures and inconsistent air quality reporting among researchers. To help address these issues, we conducted a substantive review of wildfire smoke effects on population health, wildfire smoke exposure in occupational health, and experimental wood smoke exposure. Our goal was to evaluate the current literature on wildfire smoke and highlight important gaps in research. In particular we emphasize long-term health effects of wildfire smoke, recovery following wildfire smoke exposure, and health consequences of exposure in children.

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Climate Change. A Global Threat to Cardiopulmonary Health

Cited by 51 publications

References 84 publications

Outdoor air pollution and asthma

Outdoor air pollution and asthma

Pulmonary health effects of air pollution

Wildfire smoke exposure and human health: Significant gaps in research for a growing public health issue

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