Climate and season: the effects on ophthalmic diseases

Qassim, Ayub; Viki, Mthulisi; Ng, Soo Khai; Jersmann, Hubertus; Casson, Robert J.

doi:10.1111/ceo.12883

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…,b; Qassim et al. ). Further studies based on data at individual level may obtain more accurate estimations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological variations and trends in health burden of glaucoma worldwide

Wang

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To evaluate the trends and variations in global health burden of glaucoma by year, age and sex, region and socio-economic status, using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Method: The DALY numbers, crude DALY rate and age-standardized DALY rate globally and in each country were obtained the GBD 2015 study database. The corresponding human development index (HDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were obtained from the United Nations and World Bank. Environmental data were obtained from the WHO Global Health Observatory data repository. Results: From 1990 to 2015, the DALY number and age-standardized DALY rate due to glaucoma increased by 122% and 15%, respectively. Both male and female showed similar increasing trend with ageing, with the peak at 60 years old and increasing again since 75 years old. Sex disparities in DALY number were noted, with higher burden among female than male in each age group (all p < 0.001). The health burden of glaucoma was substantial unequal, with Gini coefficient of 0.865 for DALY number, 0.235 for crude DALY rate and 0.254 for age-standardized DALY rate, respectively. The age-standardized DALY was significantly associated with HDI, accounting for 22.2% variance across countries (R 2 = 0.222, p < 0.001). Similarly, the GDP per capita was inversely associated with age-standardized DALY rate but can explain only 10.6% variations in age-standardized DALY rate (R 2 = 0.106, p < 0.001). The agestandardized DALY rate due to glaucoma was positively associated with national levels of ultraviolet radiation and PM 2.5 . Conclusion: The health burden of glaucoma continuously increased in the past 25 years and distributed unequally. Lower socio-economic level, older age, female, higher ambient ultraviolet radiation and higher level of air pollution were significantly associated with higher burden of glaucoma.

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“…,b; Qassim et al. ). Further studies based on data at individual level may obtain more accurate estimations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological variations and trends in health burden of glaucoma worldwide

Wang

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Such approaches can add to the ongoing research studies to understand critical times or days for severity or treatment of symptoms and conditions outside of standard clinic hours for ocular conditions, as has also been studied for other disease [28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][52][53][54][55][56][57]. We also observed that diurnal search patterns can differ by time of year for some terms, suggesting unique seasonal factors may affect the diurnal cycle of specific ocular conditions and raising the potential value of the approaches such as ours for enhancing the study of seasonal eye disease [29].…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Cyclic patterns of Google Trends search interest as related to human health, often seasonal but also to a letter extent diurnal, are an area of extensive research. Clinical study has identified cyclic occurrence of health conditions in humans, including diurnal eye-related conditions, and the results may facilitate chronopreventive and chronotherapeutic care [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Web-based search behavior regarding nonocular disease symptoms has been shown to reflect seasonal and diurnal clinical cyclicity as well as aspects of disease not typically observed in clinics at all (for example, coronary heart disease and depression) [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Google Trends Approach to Identify Distinct Diurnal and Day-of-Week Web-Based Search Patterns Related to Conjunctivitis and Other Common Eye Conditions: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)

Deiner¹,

McLeod²,

Schallhorn³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Studies suggest diurnal patterns of occurrence of some eye conditions. Leveraging new information sources such as online search data to learn more about such patterns could improve understanding of patient eye-related conditions and well-being, and improve timing of clinical and remote eye care or of targeted online public health campaigns for hard-to-reach populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate our hypothesis that the public is likely to consistently search about different eye conditions at different hours of the day or days of week, we conducted an observational study using search data for terms related to eye conditions such as conjunctivitis. We assessed whether search volumes reflected diurnal or day-of-week patterns and if those patterns were distinct from each other. METHODS Design: Hourly search data for eye-related and control search terms for 2018 were analyzed and compared. Setting: Data from 10 USA states. Exposure: Internet search. Participants: Populations that searched Google’s search engine using our chosen study terms. Main Outcome Measures: Cyclical hourly and weekly online search patterns. RESULTS Distinct diurnal (P < .001 for all search terms) and day-of-week search patterns for eye-related terms were observed but with differing peak time periods and cyclic strengths. Some diurnal patterns represented those reported from prior clinical studies. Of the eye related terms, “pink eye” showed the largest diurnal amplitude-to-mean ratios. Stronger signal was restricted to and peaked in mornings, and amplitude was higher on weekdays. In contrast, “dry eyes” had a higher amplitude diurnal pattern on weekends, with stronger signal occurring over a broader evening to morning period and peaking in early morning. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of online searches for various eye conditions can show cyclic patterns according to time of day or week. Further studies to understand the reasons for these variations may help supplement current clinical understanding of eye symptom presentation and improve the timeliness of patient messaging and care interventions.

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“…Such approaches can add to the ongoing research studies to understand critical times or days for severity or treatment of symptoms and conditions outside of standard clinic hours for ocular conditions, as has also been studied for other disease [ 28 , 31 - 37 , 52 - 57 ]. We also observed that diurnal search patterns can differ by time of year for some terms, suggesting unique seasonal factors may affect the diurnal cycle of specific ocular conditions and raising the potential value of the approaches such as ours for enhancing the study of seasonal eye disease [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Google Trends Approach to Identify Distinct Diurnal and Day-of-Week Web-Based Search Patterns Related to Conjunctivitis and Other Common Eye Conditions: Infodemiology Study

Deiner¹,

Kaur²,

McLeod³

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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Background Studies suggest diurnal patterns of occurrence of some eye conditions. Leveraging new information sources such as web-based search data to learn more about such patterns could improve the understanding of patients’ eye-related conditions and well-being, better inform timing of clinical and remote eye care, and improve precision when targeting web-based public health campaigns toward underserved populations. Objective To investigate our hypothesis that the public is likely to consistently search about different ophthalmologic conditions at different hours of the day or days of week, we conducted an observational study using search data for terms related to ophthalmologic conditions such as conjunctivitis. We assessed whether search volumes reflected diurnal or day-of-week patterns and if those patterns were distinct from each other. Methods We designed a study to analyze and compare hourly search data for eye-related and control search terms, using time series regression models with trend and periodicity terms to remove outliers and then estimate diurnal effects. We planned a Google Trends setting, extracting data from 10 US states for the entire year of 2018. The exposure was internet search, and the participants were populations who searched through Google’s search engine using our chosen study terms. Our main outcome measures included cyclical hourly and day-of-week web-based search patterns. For statistical analyses, we considered P <.001 to be statistically significant. Results Distinct diurnal ( P <.001 for all search terms) and day-of-week search patterns for eye-related terms were observed but with differing peak time periods and cyclic strengths. Some diurnal patterns represented those reported from prior clinical studies. Of the eye-related terms, “pink eye” showed the largest diurnal amplitude-to-mean ratios. Stronger signal was restricted to and peaked in mornings, and amplitude was higher on weekdays. By contrast, “dry eyes” had a higher amplitude diurnal pattern on weekends, with stronger signal occurring over a broader evening-to-morning period and peaking in early morning. Conclusions The frequency of web-based searches for various eye conditions can show cyclic patterns according to time of the day or week. Further studies to understand the reasons for these variations may help supplement the current clinical understanding of ophthalmologic symptom presentation and improve the timeliness of patient messaging and care interventions.

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Climate and season: the effects on ophthalmic diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

Epidemiological variations and trends in health burden of glaucoma worldwide

Epidemiological variations and trends in health burden of glaucoma worldwide

A Google Trends Approach to Identify Distinct Diurnal and Day-of-Week Web-Based Search Patterns Related to Conjunctivitis and Other Common Eye Conditions: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)

A Google Trends Approach to Identify Distinct Diurnal and Day-of-Week Web-Based Search Patterns Related to Conjunctivitis and Other Common Eye Conditions: Infodemiology Study

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