Climate and Hydrology of the Baltic Basin

Bergström, Sten; Alexandersson, Hans; Carlsson, Bengt; Josefsson, Weine; Karlsson, Kristian; Westring, G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04453-7_3

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2), agrees well with a January to December annual precipitation of ∼500-800 mm in southern Sweden (from Fig. 3.15 covering the years 1860-1995 in Bergström et al, 2001). When compared with long-term June and July precipitation data from the national monitoring of precipitation, at the stations used in this study, the estimates were at all stations in the upper quartile of estimates for July to June (1961June ( -2003, thereby potentially slightly overestimating annual loads.…”

Section: Precipitation and Volume Weighted Average Nutrient Concentrasupporting

confidence: 82%

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

2008

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Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the central Baltic Sea (Baltic Proper) was estimated monthly at two coastal stations and two isolated islands in 2001 and 2002. Yearly nitrogen deposition ranged between 387 and 727 mg N m −2 yr −1 (average ∼617) and was composed of ∼10% organic N and approximately equal amounts of ammonium and nitrate. Winter nitrate peaks at the isolated islands possibly indicated ship emissions. Load weighted δ 15 N of deposited N was 3.7‰ and 0.35‰ at the coastal stations and the isolated islands respectively. Winter δ 15 N was ∼3‰ lighter than in summer, reflecting winter dominance of nitrate. The light isotopic composition of deposited nitrogen may cause overestimates of nitrogen fixation in basinwide isotopic budgeting, whereas relatively heavy deposition of ammonium during summer instead may cause underestimates of fixation in budgets of the upper mixed layer. δ 15 N in atmospherically deposited nitrate and ammonium was estimated by regression to −7.9 and 13.5‰ respectively. Phosphorus deposition showed no clear seasonal pattern and was considerably lower at the isolated islands. Organic P constituted 20-40% of annual P deposition. P deposition is unlikely to be a major source for cyanobacterial blooms but may potentially prolong an ongoing bloom.

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Section: Precipitation and Volume Weighted Average Nutrient Concentrasupporting

confidence: 82%

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

2008

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“…The hydrograph of the Chirko-Kem River in Karelia (Russia) gives a typical example for the boreal zone with an advanced snowmelt-induced flood peak. Different studies analysing stream flow trends in Scandinavia (Bergstrom and Carlsson, 1993), European Russia (Georgiyevsky et al, 1995(Georgiyevsky et al, , 1996(Georgiyevsky et al, , 1997, and the Baltic States (Tarend, 1998) indicate that winter, summer and autumn flows are increasing, but spring flows have been decreasing since the mid-1970s. Such results were also found by Woo et al (2008), who analysed stream flow hydrology in the boreal region on the global scale.…”

Section: Boreal Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?

Schneider

Laizé

Acreman

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

295

154

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Abstract. Worldwide, flow regimes are being modified by various anthropogenic impacts and climate change induces an additional risk. Rising temperatures, declining snow cover and changing precipitation patterns will interact differently at different locations. Consequently, in distinct climate zones, unequal consequences can be expected in matters of water stress, flood risk, water quality, and food security. In particular, river ecosystems and their vital ecosystem services will be compromised as their species richness and composition have evolved over long time under natural flow conditions. This study aims at evaluating the exclusive impacts of climate change on river flow regimes in Europe. Various flow characteristics are taken into consideration and diverse dynamics are identified for each distinct climate zone in Europe. In order to simulate present-day natural flow regimes and future flow regimes under climate change, the global hydrology model WaterGAP3 is applied. All calculations for current and future conditions (2050s) are carried out on a 5 × 5 European grid. To address uncertainty, bias-corrected climate forcing data of three different global climate models are used to drive WaterGAP3. Finally, the hydrological alterations of different flow characteristics are quantified by the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration approach. Results of our analysis indicate that on the European scale, climate change can be expected to modify flow regimes remarkably. This is especially the case in the Mediterranean (due to drier conditions with reduced precipitation across the year) and in the boreal climate zone (due to reduced snowmelt, increased precipitation, and strong temperature rises). In the temperate climate zone, impacts increase from oceanic to continental. Regarding single flow characteristics, strongest impacts on timing were found for the boreal climate zone. This applies for both high and low flows. Flow magnitudes, in turn, will be predominantly altered in the Mediterranean but also in the Northern climates. At the end of this study, typical future flow regimes under climate change are illustrated for each climate zone.

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“…The riverine inputs of DOC were taken from monitoring data (source: Baltic Nest Institute). Atmospheric inputs of DOC to the different basins were calculated with average DOC concentrations (210 µmol l −1 ) measured in rainwater of 9 sites in Sweden (Neumann et al, 1959), the average annual precipitation in offshore areas of the Baltic Sea (450 mm) reported by Bergström et al (2001) and the size of the respective Baltic Sea areas. Point source emissions of TOC were calculated by conversion of BOD7 (biological oxygen demand) values obtained from the "Fourth Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation" (Helcom, 2004) as described in Algesten et al (2006) and Kuliński and Pemkowiak (2011).…”

Section: A Hmw-doc Budget For the Central And Northern Baltic Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea ecosystem

et al. 2012

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Abstract. To test the hypothesis whether high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) in a high latitude marginal sea is dominated by terrestrial derived matter, 10 stations were sampled along the salinity gradient of the central and northern Baltic Sea and were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved organic carbon as well as δ 13 C values of HMW-DOM. Different end-member-mixing models were applied to quantify the influence of terrestrial DOM and to test for conservative versus non-conservative behavior of the terrestrial DOM in the different Baltic Sea basins. The share of terrestrial DOM to the total HMW-DOM was calculated for each station, ranging from 43 to 83 %. This shows the high influence of terrestrial DOM inputs for the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The data also suggest that terrestrial DOM reaching the open Baltic Sea is not subject to substantial removal anymore. However compared to riverine DOM concentrations, our results indicate that substantial amounts of HMW-DOM (> 50 %) seem to be removed near the coastline during estuarine mixing. A budget approach yielded residence times for terrestrial DOM of 2.8, 3.0, and 4.5 yr for the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper.

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Climate and Hydrology of the Baltic Basin

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?

Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea ecosystem

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