Climate and geographic adaptation drive latitudinal clines in biomass of a widespread saltmarsh plant in its native and introduced ranges

Liu, Wenwen; Chen, Xincong; Strong, Donald R.; Pennings, Steven C.; Kirwan, Matthew L.; Chen, Xiaolin; Zhang, Yihui

doi:10.1002/lno.11395

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…S. alterniflora in China also retains similar plastic responses to elevation (Peng et al , ; Zhu et al , ). In the USA, sampling S. alterniflora in the ‘midmarsh’ produced similar latitudinal patterns as we have described here for samples collected from the low marsh (Kirwan et al , ; Liu et al , ), so we hypothesised that, if we had included midmarsh sampling in this paper, contrasts between the native and exotic ranges would have been similar to those that we documented in the low marsh. Testing this hypothesis is a matter for future studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Populations of S. alterniflora in China are more productive than the native populations in North America (Qing et al , ; Shang et al , ), but geographic variation in standing biomass appears to be driven by the same abiotic factors in the native versus introduced range (Liu et al , ). It is unclear to what extent the greater productivity in the introduced range is due to the specific source sites of the invasion (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora

et al. 2020

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Summary Biological invasions offer model systems of contemporary evolution. We examined trait differences and evolution across geographic clines among continents of the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora within its invasive and native ranges. We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in the US (native range). We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr. Chinese plants were c. 15% taller, c. 10% denser, and set up to four times more seed than US plants in both the field and common garden. The common garden experiments showed a striking genetic cline of seven‐fold greater seed set at higher latitudes in the introduced but not the native range. By contrast, there was a slight genetic cline in some vegetative traits in the native but not the introduced range. Our results are consistent with others showing that introduced plants can evolve rapidly in the new range. S. alterniflora has evolved different trait clines in the native and introduced ranges, showing the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic control of change during the invasion process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora

et al. 2020

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“…Our study indicates that the invasion magnitude of S. alterniflora on native mangroves increased with increasing latitude, suggesting the mangrove community may be more susceptible to invasion at higher than at lower latitudes. This response is consistent with biogeographical patterns of their climatic niche, and agrees with previous study which indicated the aboveground biomass of S. alterniflora increases with latitude in Southern China (Liu et al, 2020). In low latitudes, climate conditions are suitable for survival and dispersal of freeze-sensitive mangroves, enhancing their competition on habitat niche with invasive salt marsh (Cavanaugh et al, 2019).…”

Section: Latitudinal Trends In Mangroves and S Alterniflorasupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatially non-continuous relationships between biological invasion and fragmentation of mangrove forests

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rapid and large-scale biological invasion results in widespread biodiversity loss and degradation of essential ecosystem services, especially in mangrove forests. Recent evidence suggests that the establishment and dispersal of invasive species may exacerbated in fragmented landscape, but the influence of mangrove fragmentation on coastal biological invasion at landscape scale remains largely unknown. Here, using the derived 10-m resolution coastal wetland map in southeast coast of China, we examine the relationships between fragmentation of mangrove forests and salt marsh invasion magnitude and quantify the geographical variations of the relationships across a climatic gradient. Our results show that mangrove forests with small size, large edge proportion, and regular boundary shape tend to suffer more serious salt marsh invasions, indicating a positive correlation between mangrove fragmentation and its invaded magnitude. In particular, such fragmentation-invasion relationships in subtropics are shown to be more intensive than in tropic. Our findings provide the first spatially explicit evidence of the relationships between mangrove fragmentation and biological invasion on a landscape scale, and highlight an urgent need for conservation and management actions to improve mangrove connectivity, which will increase resistance to invasions, especially for small-size subtropical mangrove forests.

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“…Cross-bred genotypes spread rapidly through the temperate region of China in the 1980s, and dispersed into lower-latitude subtropical and tropical regions in the following decades (An et al 2007. Within the introduced range, S. alterniflora plants vary greatly in vegetative traits and seed set, with geographic variation in vegetative traits largely caused by phenotypic plasticity, and geographic variation in seed set largely caused by rapid evolution in the new environment (Liu et al 2016, Qiao et al 2019, Liu et al 2020a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity and selection drive hump‐shaped latitudinal patterns of flowering phenology in an invasive intertidal plant

Chen

Liu

Pennings

et al. 2021

Ecology

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Patterns of flowering phenology can affect the success of plant invasions, especially when introduced species spread across a wide range of latitude into different climatic conditions. We combined a 4-yr field survey and a 3-yr common garden experiment with the invasive grass Spartina alterniflora that is now widespread along the coast of China to document the latitudinal pattern of flowering phenology, determine if phenology was related to climate or oceanographic variables, and determine whether phenology patterns were fixed versus plastic. In the field, first flowering day displayed a hump-shaped relationship with latitude, with low-and high-latitude plants flowering 100 d and 10 d earlier than plants at middle latitudes, respectively. Peak flowering day showed a similar hump-shaped relationship with latitude, with the interval between first and peak flowering day decreasing with increasing latitude. First flowering day had a hump-shaped relationship with annual growing degree days but a linear positive relationship with tidal range. In the common garden, first flowering day decreased linearly with increasing latitude of origin, as did peak flowering day, and the interval between first and peak flowering day increased with increasing latitude. First flowering day in the common garden had weak or no relationships with abiotic variables at the sites of origin. In both the field and common garden, first flowering day was later in site years for which plants were taller. These results indicate a high degree of plasticity in flowering phenology, with plants flowering later in the field at sites with intermediate temperatures and high tide ranges. Common garden results indicate some selection for earlier flowering at sites with low temperatures, consistent with a shorter growing season. Consistent with life-history theory, plants flowered later under conditions favoring vigorous growth. Earlier flowering and smaller size of plants at high and low latitudes suggests that S. alterniflora has already occupied much of the geographic range favorable for it on the East Coast of Asia.

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Climate and geographic adaptation drive latitudinal clines in biomass of a widespread saltmarsh plant in its native and introduced ranges

Cited by 28 publications

References 66 publications

Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora

Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora

Spatially non-continuous relationships between biological invasion and fragmentation of mangrove forests

Plasticity and selection drive hump‐shaped latitudinal patterns of flowering phenology in an invasive intertidal plant

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