Climate adaptation planning in practice: an evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations

Preston, Benjamin L.; Westaway, Richard; Yuen, Emma

doi:10.1007/s11027-010-9270-x

Cited by 314 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…They offer empirical material to study, since the level of implementation of adaptation is still rather low (e.g. Berrang-Ford et al, 2011;Bulkeley, 2013;Measham et al, 2011;Preston et al, 2011). Furthermore, they are selected for their locations in the temperate zone of Europe and North America, assuming that the nature and scale of the adaptation issues is quite similar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to become less vulnerable to climate change, city governments in developed countries have started to plan for and take action on adaptation to climate change (Berrang-Ford, Ford, & Paterson, 2011;IPCC, 2013;Preston, Westaway, & Yuen, 2011). Besides city governments, the involvement of private actors such as citizens, businesses, project developers and housing associations will be critical for the planning and implementation of urban climate adaptation, since adaptation is also required on and around private property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local governments in the driving seat? A comparative analysis of public and private responsibilities for adaptation to climate change in European and North-American cities

Mees

2016

Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning

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The division of responsibilities between public and private actors has become a key governance issue for adaptation to climate change in urban areas. This paper offers a systematic, comparative analysis of three empirical studies which analysed how and why responsibilities were divided between public and private actors for the governance of local urban climate adaptation. For 20 governance arrangements in European and North-American cities, the divisions of responsibilities and the underlying rationales of actors for those divisions were analysed and compared. Data were gathered through content analysis of over 100 policy documents, 97 indepth interviews and 2 multi-stakeholder workshops. The comparative analysis reveals that local public authorities are the key actors, as they bear the majority of responsibilities for climate proofing their cities. In this stage of policy emergence, local authorities are clearly in the driving seat. It is envisaged that local public authorities need to more actively engage the different private actors such as citizens, civil society and businesses through governance networks along with the maturation of the policy field and the expected acceleration of climate impacts in the coming decades.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local governments in the driving seat? A comparative analysis of public and private responsibilities for adaptation to climate change in European and North-American cities

Mees

2016

Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning

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“…Relevant historical and future climate data are often then used to conduct a risk and/or vulnerability analysis; such efforts have been used in the water utility (Berry et al 2011), land and ecosystems management (Glick et al 2011;Heller and Zavaleta 2009;NPS 2010;USGS 2012), and government sectors (Pahl-Wostl et al 2011;Wheeler 2008 context-relevant adaptation activities for implementation (Means et al 2010;NRC 2010a). Participatory approaches enable the design of adaptation processes with context-specific information (Fazey et al 2010;Few et al 2007;Preston et al 2011;Smit and Wandel 2006), often by having community stakeholders and governing institutions work collectively to define the problem and identify adaptation strategies that are robust, while incorporating stakeholder values (Brunner 2005;Preston et al 2011;Stern and Fineberg 1996;World Bank 2008). Moreover, regional collaboration has emerged in places such as San Francisco Bay, San Diego Bay, Southeast Florida, Chesapeake Bay, and the Intermountain West, where stakeholders are coming together to address issues of regional concern (e.g., sea level rise, water distribution, transportation systems).…”

Section: Identifying and Understanding Risk Vulnerabilities And Oppmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed

Bierbaum

Smith

Lee

et al. 2012

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

357

202

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We reviewed existing and planned adaptation activities of federal, tribal, state, and local governments and the private sector in the United States (U.S.) to understand what types of adaptation activities are underway across different sectors and scales throughout the country. Primary sources of review included material officially submitted for consideration in the upcoming 2013 U.S. National Climate Assessment and supplemental peer-reviewed and grey literature. Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated. Most adaptation actions to date appear to be incremental changes, not the transformational changes that may be needed in certain cases to adapt to significant changes in climate. While there appear to be no one-size-fits-all adaptations, there Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change (2013) are similarities in approaches across scales and sectors, including mainstreaming climate considerations into existing policies and plans, and pursuing no-and low-regrets strategies. Despite the positive momentum in recent years, barriers to implementation still impede action in all sectors and across scales. The most significant barriers include lack of funding, policy and institutional constraints, and difficulty in anticipating climate change given the current state of information on change. However, the practice of adaptation can advance through learning by doing, stakeholder engagements (including "listening sessions"), and sharing of best practices. Efforts to advance adaptation across the U.S. and globally will necessitate the reduction or elimination of barriers, the enhancement of information and best practice sharing mechanisms, and the creation of comprehensive adaptation evaluation metrics.

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“…Furthermore, the mandate of local government is expanding, due to the shifting of responsibility from higher levels of authority to lower levels of authority, particularly from state and provincial authorities (Ivey et al 2004). Such constraints to action may explain why the apparent interest in adaptation and adaptation planning hasn't necessarily translated into the implementation of actions to reduce vulnerability (Repetto 2008;Ford et al 2011;Berrang-Ford et al 2011;Preston et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: barriers and challenges

Measham

Preston

Smith

et al. 2011

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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596

481

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Municipal planning represents a key avenue for local adaptation, but is subject to recognised constraints. To date, these constraints have focused on simplistic factors such as limited resources and lack of information. In this paper we argue that this focus has obscured a wider set of constraints which need to be acknowledged and addressed if adaptation is likely to advance through municipal planning. Although these recognised constraints are relevant, we argue that what underpins these issues are more fundamental challenges affecting local, placed-based planning by drawing on the related field of community-based environmental planning (CBEP). In considering a wider set of constraints to practical attempts towards adaptation, the paper considers planning based on a case study of three municipalities in Sydney, Australia in 2008. The results demonstrate that climate adaptation was widely accepted as an important issue for planning conducted by local governments. However, it was yet to be embedded in planning practice which retained a strong mitigation bias in relation to climate change. In considering the case study, we draw attention to factors thus far under-acknowledged in the climate adaptation literature. These include leadership, institutional context and competing planning agendas. These factors can serve as constraints or enabling mechanisms for achieving climate adaptation depending upon how they are exploited in any given situation. The paper concludes that, through Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change (2011) 16:889-909

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Climate adaptation planning in practice: an evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations

Abstract: Climate change, Adaptation, Adaptive capacity, Planning, Evaluation,

Cited by 314 publications

References 20 publications

Local governments in the driving seat? A comparative analysis of public and private responsibilities for adaptation to climate change in European and North-American cities

Local governments in the driving seat? A comparative analysis of public and private responsibilities for adaptation to climate change in European and North-American cities

A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed

Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: barriers and challenges

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